維摩經略疏垂裕記 6.129

6.129

二、上首為說。「依律判斷」者，若犯根本，應須學悔；若犯方便，應懺偷蘭；若本無心則不結罪。「或教」下，謂問其情實。若本有心應須懺滅，正罪方便並須集僧。若犯重者，《僧祇》云「若犯罪已，啼哭不欲離袈裟深樂佛法者，令與學悔羯磨，然後奪三十五事等。」若犯蘭者，《十誦》云「初篇生重，此是近方便，謂身口相加未得暢遂者，應一切僧中悔。若初篇生輕二篇生重，應界外四比丘中悔。若僧殘生輕，應一比丘前悔。」是則集僧有界內界外二種之別，羯磨分心念、對首、眾法三類之殊。今此明悔罪，用眾法、對首也。故荊溪云：集僧唯二，羯磨通三，滅與不滅如常所辨。波離為彼犯者如上律相而說，故云為其如法解說也。

Second, the senior leader expounding for them. As for "Judging in accordance with the Vinaya," if they violated a fundamental [precept], they ought to practice repentance; if they violated a preliminary stage, they ought to repent of the *sthūlātyaya*; if originally there was no intention, it does not constitute a transgression. In "Or teaching..." below, it means questioning their actual state of mind. If originally there was intention, it must be confessed and extinguished; for both the primary offense and preliminary stages, the Saṅgha must be assembled. If one violates a heavy [precept], the *Mahāsāṃghika Vinaya* says, "If, having committed an offense, one weeps, does not wish to depart from the kāṣāya, and deeply delights in the Buddha-Dharma, they should be granted the karman of practicing repentance, and then thirty-five matters should be stripped from them, etc." If one violates a *sthūlātyaya*, the *Ten-Recitation Vinaya* says, "When a heavy offense arises in the first class [pārājika], this is a proximate preliminary stage—meaning body and speech were applied but not yet fully consummated—one should repent among the entire Saṅgha. If a light offense arises in the first class or a heavy offense arises in the second class [saṅghāvaśeṣa], one should repent among four monks outside the boundary. If a light offense arises in the saṅghāvaśeṣa class, one should repent before a single monk." Thus, assembling the Saṅgha has two distinct kinds: within the boundary and outside the boundary; and karman is divided into three kinds: mental resolution, face-to-face [with another monk], and by the Saṅgha assembly. Here, to clarify repenting offenses, the Saṅgha assembly and face-to-face types are used. Therefore Jingxi says: Assembling the Saṅgha is only of two kinds; karman applies to all three; whether extinguished or not is distinguished as usual. Upāli expounded for those offenders according to the Vinaya characteristics described above; hence it says he explained it for them according to the Dharma.