說無垢稱經疏 2.213

2.213

贊曰：下有三番，合名寂靜，寂靜二惡故。一寂八難，即寂惡果；二寂犯禁十惡業道，即寂惡因。此初文也。八無暇者，舊名八難，恒受眾苦，無暫閑暇可修善事求菩提故。八無暇者，三惡趣為三，四生盲聾喑啞等諸根不具，五世智辨聰惡邪見者，六佛前佛後，七生北俱盧，八長壽天，謂生色界，非聖天中。依《成實論》，天人四輪能摧八難：一住善處，生中國是，此除五難，謂三惡趣、北州、長壽天。二依善人，謂值佛世，此除一難，謂除佛前後。三發正願，謂正見心，此除一難，世智辨聰。四植善根，此亦除一，盲聾啞等。又修五行，除此八難。一受持戒，治三惡趣。二樂行法施，除盲聾等。三正信解，除世智辨聰。四近善友，除生佛前後。五生中國，除生北洲及長壽天。菩薩常說初四種輪，或後五行息除八無暇，故得果時，離三惡趣及八無暇。無暇總也，惡趣別也。

Commentary: Below there are three passages, collectively termed "quiescent pacification," because they pacify two evils: first, pacifying the eight non-leisures, which is pacifying the evil fruit; second, pacifying transgressions of precepts and the ten unwholesome courses of karma, which is pacifying the evil cause. This is the first text. The eight non-leisure conditions (aṣṭāv akṣaṇāḥ) were formerly called the eight difficulties (aṣṭāv akṣaṇāḥ): one constantly experiences manifold sufferings, without even a momentary leisure in which to cultivate virtuous deeds and seek bodhi. As for the eight non-leisures: the three miserable destinies count as three; fourth is being born blind, deaf, mute, or otherwise lacking sense faculties; fifth is possessing worldly intellect and sophistry with malicious wrong views; sixth is being born before or after a Buddha; seventh is being born in Uttarakuru; eighth is the heaven of long life, meaning birth in the form realm among non-noble celestials. Relying on the *Tattvasiddhi-śāstra*, the four wheels of gods and humans can shatter the eight difficulties: 1. Residing in a suitable place, that is, being born in a central region (madhyadeśa); this eliminates five difficulties, namely the three miserable destinies, the northern continent, and the heaven of long life. 2. Relying on good persons, meaning encountering the era of a Buddha; this eliminates one difficulty, namely being born before or after a Buddha. 3. Generating right aspiration, meaning a mind of right view; this eliminates one difficulty, worldly intellect and sophistry. 4. Planting roots of virtue; this also eliminates one, being blind, deaf, mute, and so forth. Furthermore, cultivating five practices eliminates these eight difficulties: 1. Upholding precepts remedies the three miserable destinies. 2. Delighting in the gift of Dharma eliminates blindness, deafness, and so forth. 3. Correct faith and understanding eliminate worldly intellect and sophistry. 4. Associating with good spiritual friends eliminates being born before or after a Buddha. 5. Being born in a central region eliminates being born in the northern continent and the heaven of long life. Bodhisattvas constantly teach the first four wheels, or the latter five practices, to pacify and eliminate the eight non-leisures; therefore, when the fruit is attained, [the land] is free from the three miserable destinies and the eight non-leisures. "Non-leisures" is the general term; "miserable destinies" is the specific.