請觀音經疏闡義鈔 4.39

4.39

三、流通分。疏文無釋，今私分為五：初、讚歎付囑，二：初、長行；二、偈頌，分二：初七言偈付囑，三：初十二行，付囑為護正法。文中所囑意在四王。東南則囑其正主，西北則囑其臣屬，囑主則臣可知矣，囑臣則主可知矣。「提頭賴吒」者，此翻持國，謂護持國土安眾生故，即東方天王也。等取者，等所領二部。「鬼神」，即乾闥婆及毘舍闍。此即舉主收臣也。「天子」者，《金光明》云「雖在人中生為人王，以天護故，稱天子也。」王肅云：「王者雖號稱帝，而不得稱天帝。而曰天子者，乃天之子。子之與父，尊卑相去遠矣。」「法臣」者，有法度之臣，故曰法臣。佛勅令擁護是經，如法臣護於天子也。「我勅海龍」下四行，是付西北二方之臣屬也。西方毘留博叉，此云雜語，或云醜眼，主領二部，龍及富單那也。龍是臣中之勝者，故偏囑之。「伊羅鉢」者，亦云伊羅跋羅。伊羅，樹名也，此名臭氣。跋羅，此云極。謂此龍往昔由損此極臭樹葉故，致頭上生此臭樹，因即為名。「閻婆」，此云雙。「羅剎」，此云可畏。即北方天王之臣屬也。北方毘沙門，此云普聞，或云多聞，主領二部，謂夜叉、羅剎。又云「毒龍」等者，再囑西方臣屬也。龍有四毒，故曰毒龍，謂聲、視、氣、觸也。有出聲方害人者，乃至觸人方害者。「毘留勒迦」，或云毘留勒叉，此云增長，謂能令自他善根增長故，即南方天王也。主領二部，謂弓槃茶及閉黎多。此亦舉主收臣也。「難陀跋難陀」者，難陀名歡喜，跋名善。兄弟常護摩竭提，雨澤以時，國無飢年。瓶沙王為一會，百姓聞皆歡喜，從此得名。慈恩云：「第一名喜，次名賢喜。此二兄弟善應人心，風不鳴條、雨不破塊。初能令人喜，後性復賢令喜，故以為名。」「娑伽羅」、從海受名。慈恩云：「即鹹海之龍也。」「優波陀」，亦優鉢羅，亦漚鉢羅，此云黛色蓮華，龍依池得名。慈恩云：「紅蓮華，居池為名。」「帝釋」者，梵云釋迦提婆因達羅。釋迦姓也，此翻為能。提婆，天也。因達羅，帝也。正云能天帝。釋提桓因云天帝釋，俱訛倒也。此在妙高山頂而住，三十三天之帝主。諸天，即三十二也。「孝子」者，孝者畜也。事親之道宜常畜在心，以在心故能順顏色。「正導」者，若眼自開明，則不須導引，故云須眼。又據眼未開者，須假正人導之，則免墜重險也。此段經文凡有五譬，皆譬持經之人，謂一帝釋、二父母、三財寶、四眼、五正導，但取擁護心專為義。

Third, the section on transmission. The commentary text offers no explanation, so here I privately divide it into five parts: first, praising and entrusting, which has two parts: first, prose; second, verses, which is divided into two: first, seven-character verses of entrustment, in three parts: first, twelve lines entrusting [them] to protect the correct Dharma. In the text, the intention of the entrustment is placed upon the Four Heavenly Kings. For the east and south, it entrusts their principal masters; for the northwest, it entrusts their retinue and subordinates. When the master is entrusted, the ministers can be known; when the ministers are entrusted, the master can be known. 'Dhṛtarāṣṭra' is translated here as 'Holding the Country', meaning that he protects and holds the realm to pacify sentient beings; this is the Heavenly King of the East. 'And others' includes the two classes he commands. 'Spirits' refers to gandharvas and piśācas. This is citing the master to encompass the ministers. 'Son of Heaven': the Suvarṇaprabhāsa says, 'Although born among humans as a human king, because he is protected by the devas, he is called a Son of Heaven.' Wang Su said, 'Although a ruler is titled sovereign (di), he cannot be called a heavenly sovereign (tiandi). If he is called "Son of Heaven", it means he is the son of heaven. Between son and father, the exalted and humble are far apart.' 'Ministers of the Dharma' are ministers possessing laws and regulations, hence called ministers of the Dharma. The Buddha commands them to protect this sūtra just as ministers of the Dharma protect the Son of Heaven. The four lines from 'I command the ocean dragons' entrust the subordinates of the two directions, northwest. In the west, Virūpākṣa is translated here as 'Variegated Speech' or 'Ugly-eyed'; he commands two classes, dragons (nāgas) and pūtanas. Dragons are the preeminent among these subordinates, so they are specifically entrusted. 'Elāpatra' is also called Elāpattra. Elā is the name of a tree, meaning foul smell here; pattra means extreme here. Because in the past this dragon damaged the leaves of this extremely foul-smelling tree, this foul tree grew on its head, and it was named after this. 'Yama' (yanpo) is translated here as 'Twin'. 'Rākṣasa' is translated here as 'Fearsome'. These are the subordinates of the Heavenly King of the North. In the north, Vaiśravaṇa is translated here as 'Universally Renowned' or 'Much-hearing'; he commands two classes, namely yakṣas and rākṣasas. Again, 'poisonous dragons' and so on refers to entrusting the western subordinates a second time. Dragons have four poisons, hence called poisonous dragons: sound, sight, breath, and touch. Some harm people only upon uttering sound, and so on up to harming people only upon touching them. 'Virūḍhaka' (piluolijia), also called piluolicha, is translated here as 'Increasing Growth', meaning he is able to cause the roots of goodness of oneself and others to increase and grow; this is the Heavenly King of the South. He commands two classes, namely kumbhāṇḍas and pretas. This also cites the master to encompass the ministers. 'Nanda and Upananda': Nanda means 'joy', upa means 'good'. The brothers constantly protect Magadha, bringing rainfall in season so that the country has no years of famine. King Bimbisāra held an assembly for them, and when the common people heard of it, they all rejoiced; from this they got their names. Cien says, 'The first is named Joy, the second is named Wholesome Joy. These two brothers skillfully respond to human minds; the wind does not rustle the branches, and the rain does not break the clods. The first can make people rejoice, and subsequently his nature is wholesome and brings joy, hence their names.' 'Sāgara' derives its name from the ocean. Cien says, 'It is the dragon of the salt ocean.' 'Upalā' (youpotuo) is also utpala, also ouponluo; translated here as 'blackish-blue lotus'; the dragon takes its name from the pond it inhabits. Cien says, 'Red lotus; named for dwelling in the pond.' 'Śakra': in Sanskrit Śakra-devānām-indra. Śakra is a family name, translated here as 'Capable'. Deva is 'god'. Indra is 'ruler'. Correctly speaking, it is 'Capable Heavenly Ruler'. Śakro Devānām Indrah is rendered Heavenly Emperor Śakra; both are corrupt inversions. He dwells upon the summit of Mount Meru, the ruler of the Thirty-three Heavens. 'All the gods' refers to the thirty-two [other gods]. 'Filial child': filial (xiao) means to cherish/nurture (xu). The way of serving parents should always be harboured (xu) in one's heart; because it is in one's heart, one can accord with their expressions. 'Correct guide': if one's own eyes are open and bright, one does not require guiding, hence it says eyes are needed. Moreover, based on those whose eyes are not yet open, they must rely on a correct person to guide them, thereby escaping falling into grave perils. This section of the sūtra text has five analogies in total, all analogizing the person who upholds the sūtra: first, Śakra; second, parents; third, wealth and jewels; fourth, eyes; fifth, a correct guide. They simply take the dedicated mind of protection as their meaning.