請觀音經疏闡義鈔 4.5

4.5

經「如鷹隼飛」者，《易》曰「王用射（是亦切）隼于高墉之上。」孔穎達云：「隼者，貪殘之烏，鸇鷂之屬。」今明觀音垂應如彼鳥飛，言其速疾也。經「囹圄」者，音鈴語。《廣雅》云「夏曰臺；殷曰羑（音酉）里，紂拘文王是也；周曰囹圄。皆獄之別名。」《周禮》云「三王始有獄。」《釋名》云「囹，領也。圄，禦也。謂領錄囚徒禁禦之也。」經「及諸刑罰」者，即五刑五罰也。〈王制〉曰「刑者侀也。侀，成也，一成而不可改也。」《說文》云「罪之大者曰刑，罪之小者曰罰。」《廣雅》云「罰，折伏也。」《尚書．甫刑》云「五刑不簡，正于五罰。」孔安國注云「不簡核，謂不應五刑，當正五罰。」五刑，謂刻其顙而涅之曰墨刑；截鼻曰劓刑；刖足曰剕刑；男去勢、婦人幽閉曰宮刑；死刑曰大辟。於今即笞、杖、徒、流、死為五刑也。五罰者，出金贖罪也。書云「墨辟疑赦，其罰百鍰」等。於今則笞、杖、徒各有五等，流有三等，死刑二等，贖銅各有斤數。「經一日等」者，明受苦惱之時分也。第三呪。

Regarding the sūtra's 'flying like a hawk or falcon': the *Yijing* says, 'The king uses it to shoot the falcon upon the high city wall.' Kong Yingda said: 'The falcon is a rapacious bird, belonging to the genus of the goshawk and sparrowhawk.' Here it clarifies that Avalokiteśvara descends in response like that bird flying, speaking of his swiftness. Regarding the sūtra's 'prison' (lingyu, 囹圄): pronounced *ling* and *yu*. The *Guangya* says: 'The Xia called it *tai*; the Yin called it Youli (pronounced *you*), which is where King Zhou detained King Wen; the Zhou called it *lingyu*. They are all alternative names for a prison.' The *Zhouli* says: 'Prisons first began with the three kings.' The *Shiming* says: '*Ling* means to take into custody (*ling*); *yu* means to restrain (*yu*). It means taking prisoners into custody and restraining them.' Regarding the sūtra's 'and various penalties and punishments': these are the five penalties and the five punishments. The 'Royal Regulations' [of the *Liji*] states: 'A penalty (*xing*, 刑) is a mold (*xing*, 侀). *Xing* means completed; once completed, it cannot be changed.' The *Shuowen* says: 'The greater crimes are called *xing*; the lesser crimes are called *fa* (punishments).' The *Guangya* says: '*Fa* means to suppress and subdue.' The 'Punishments of Fu' in the *Shangshu* states: 'Where the five penalties are doubtful, determine by the five punishments.' Kong Anguo's commentary says: 'When not clearly verified, meaning it does not warrant the five penalties, one should determine by the five punishments.' The five penalties: tattooing the forehead with black ink is called tattooing (*moxing*); cutting off the nose is called excision (*yixing*); amputating the feet is called foot-amputation (*feixing*); castrating a man or confining a woman is called castration (*gongxing*); the death penalty is called grand execution (*dapi*). Nowadays, whipping, beating with the heavy stick, penal servitude, exile, and death are the five penalties. The five punishments are paying copper to redeem crimes. The *Shangshu* states: 'Where the penalty of tattooing is doubtful, pardon it; its punishment is one hundred *huan*,' and so forth. Nowadays, whipping, beating with the heavy stick, and penal servitude each have five grades; exile has three grades; the death penalty has two grades; and redemption with copper each has a specific number of catties. Regarding 'passing one day, etc.': this clarifies the duration of suffering affliction. [This concludes] the third dhāraṇī.