四分律刪繁補闕行事鈔 1.428

1.428

問云：何名師、和尚、闍梨？答：此無正翻。《善見》云：無罪見罪訶責，是名我師；共於善法中教授令知故，是我闍梨。《論傳》云：和尚者，外國語，此云知有罪、知無罪，是名和尚。《四分律》弟子訶責和尚中亦同。《明了論》正本云：優波陀訶，翻為依學；依此人學戒定慧故，即和尚是也；方土音異耳。《相傳》云：和尚為力生（道力由成）；闍梨為正行（能糾正弟子行）。未見經論。《雜含》中，外道亦號師為和尚。弟子者，學在我後，名之為弟；解從我生，名之為子。次總相攝。《尸迦羅越六方禮經》，弟子事師有五事：一當敬難之，二當念其恩，三所有言教隨之，四思念不厭，五從後稱譽之。師教弟子亦有五事：一當令疾知，二令勝他人弟子，三令知己不忘，四有疑悉解，五欲令智慧勝師。《僧祇》：師度弟子者，不得為供給自己故，度人出家者，得罪。當使彼人因我度故，修諸善法，得成道果。《四分》云：和尚看弟子，當如兒意；弟子看和尚，當如父想。準此，兒想應具四心：一匠成訓誨，二慈念，三矝愛，四攝以衣食。如父想者，亦具四心：一親愛，二敬順，三畏難，四尊重；敬養侍接，如臣子之事君父。故《律》云：如是展轉相敬重，相瞻視，能令正法便得久住，增益廣大。

Question: Why are they named 'master' (shī), 'upādhyāya' (héshang), and 'ācārya' (jiélí)? Answer: There is no direct translation for these. The Samantapāsādikā states: 'Seeing faults where there are no faults and reproving them—this is called my master; because together in wholesome dharmas he instructs and causes one to understand, he is my ācārya.' The commentary tradition states: 'Upādhyāya is a foreign word; here it means