四分律刪繁補闕行事鈔 2.435

2.435

二明犯境。位階且五：一內報，二外事，三約法，四對時，五約罪。言內報者，謂人、天、非、畜。若四境齊犯，謂如初戒；或各升降，如盜、殺等。又就人中，道、俗分別。俗者，如販賣、食家有寶等；道者，如謗、覆、說、打、搏、疑、藏等；通道俗者，如二宿、淫、觸、二麁語等。然於道中內外，外局衣食，內如毀、兩。又內中通大小，大如謗奪，小謂減年。又具中形報。隨順之提，局是比丘；同路、乘船、作衣、讚食，事專尼眾；如謗、覆、說，義該兩眾；餘通可知。又形報中，色、心分別。如淫唯色，死屍犯故；文言，道、道想，此通四趣；漏失同然，境仍是寬。自有約心為境，如觀、許等想，染心衣食。大略須知，更不具分。二外事中，如掘地、草木、不受、殘宿、勸足、酒等，亦可長衣鉢類。通內外者，如盜、奪、蟲水等。三法者有四：一自所稱作，媒、麁語、二妄、毀呰等；二他所作法，處分、諸諫等；三是治法，謂隨舉等；四法相道理，謂十八法等。四約時者，如日暮、非時、夏歲、二三宿、殘宿、內宿、明相決了等。第五約罪者，覆說之類等。

Second: clarifying the objects of transgression. The stages are broadly five: first, internal retributions; second, external matters; third, regarding the Dharma; fourth, concerning time; fifth, regarding offenses. Regarding internal retributions, this refers to humans, devas, non-humans, and animals. If an offense is committed equally across the four objects, it is like the first precept; or they may each vary in severity, as in theft, killing, and so on. Furthermore, within humans, there is the distinction between monastic and lay. Lay refers to commerce, households possessing wealth, etc. Monastic refers to slandering, concealing, reporting, striking, beating, doubting, hiding, etc. Pertaining to both monastic and lay refers to two nights, lust, physical contact, the two forms of coarse speech, etc. Furthermore, within monastic there is internal and external: external is restricted to robes and food; internal is like reviling and malicious speech. Furthermore, within internal there is broad and narrow: broad is like slander and deprivation; narrow refers to being under the required age. Furthermore, within embodiments of retribution: compliant pāyattika is restricted to bhikṣus; traveling the same road, boarding a boat, sewing robes, and praising food are matters exclusive to the bhikṣuṇī saṃgha; slander, concealing, and reporting encompass both saṃghas in meaning; the rest can be known as common to both. Furthermore, within physical retributions, there is the distinction between form and mind: lust is solely physical form, as it is violated with a corpse; the text says 'passage, thinking it is a passage,' which applies to the four destinies; emission of semen is the same, so the object remains broad. There are also cases where the mind is taken as the object, such as the thoughts of contemplating or permitting, or having a lustful mind regarding robes and food. One should know the general outline, so I will not distinguish them in full. Second, within external matters: such as digging the earth, vegetation, unreceived food, leftovers kept overnight, urging beyond satiety, liquor, etc., and also extra robes and bowls. Pertaining to both internal and external: such as theft, robbery, water containing insects, etc. Third, Dharma has four [aspects]: first, what is uttered or done by oneself, such as matchmaking, coarse speech, the two forms of falsehood, reviling, etc.; second, procedures performed by others, such as designations, various admonitions, etc.; third, disciplinary procedures, such as following suspensions; fourth, the doctrine of dharmic characteristics, referring to the eighteen dharmas and the like. Fourth, concerning time: such as nightfall, improper times, summer rains retreats, two or three nights, leftovers kept overnight, stored indoors, the clear appearance of dawn, etc. Fifth, regarding offenses: such as concealing and reporting, and the like.