四分律刪繁補闕行事鈔 3.122

3.122

次二，六味定者。《明了論》云：五種量，乃至大開，攝一切物皆盡。《疏》云：藥有五種：甘味物中，除甘草、蜜、沙糖、穌、油，餘甘味是時量；酸味除阿摩勒果汁等，餘酸味是時量；辛味中除薑、椒、萆茇、呵梨勒，餘辛味是時量；一切苦澁物非食，作終身藥。七日藥外，一切可食物，名依時量食；從平旦至正中，為時；過此，不得食。一切漿、甘蔗等，名依更量；日夜各分五時，從平旦受至二更，過則不得服，如是輪轉，乃至五更；此間漬飯為漿，屬時量。穌、油、蜜、沙糖等，名依七日量。甘草等，名依一期量；從受戒後，臨一期報終，名一期也；於此時中，無問晝夜，恒得服之。灰、土、水、屎、尿此五，名依大開量；不須受，隨意取服，是世間所棄，非所惜故。《四分》：須受灰、土等（此據有人處，必無人準用）。

Second, determining the six flavors: The Vinayavibhāṣā states: The five measures, up to the Great Dispensation, encompass all things completely. The Commentary states: There are five kinds of medicines: Among sweet items, excluding liquorice, honey, granulated sugar, butter, and oil, the remaining sweet items are of the proper-time measure. Of sour items, excluding āmalaka fruit juice and the like, the remaining sour items are of the proper-time measure. Among pungent items, excluding ginger, pepper, long pepper, and harītakī, the remaining pungent items are of the proper-time measure. All bitter and astringent items are non-foods and serve as lifetime medicines. Other than seven-day medicines, all edible items are called food according to the proper-time measure; from dawn to midday is the proper time; past this, they must not be eaten. All juices, sugar cane, and the like are called according to the watch measure: the day and night are each divided into five watches; received from dawn until the second watch, past which they must not be taken, rotating in this way up to the fifth watch; here, soaking rice to make a juice belongs to the proper-time measure. Butter, oil, honey, granulated sugar, and the like are called according to the seven-day measure. Liquorice and the like are called according to the single-lifetime measure; from after receiving the precepts until the end of one's retribution in this single lifetime is called a single lifetime; during this time, without distinction of day or night, one may constantly take them. Ash, earth, water, feces, and urine—these five are called according to the Great Dispensation measure; they need not be formally received, but may be taken and used as one pleases, as they are discarded by the world and not prized. The Dharmaguptaka Vinaya requires formal receipt of ash, earth, and the like (this is based on places where people are present; where there are certainly no people, it applies by analogy).