四分律行事鈔資持記 1.156

1.156

彰過中四，初明濫教。所行違制，妄謂依律，故云濫委。法司即律宗。律實不然，愚者謂是，故為彼亂。即世學者說律訓人。自貿椹衣，言遵王制；夜粥晏齋，謂是隨方。非時噉飯，妄言未必長惡；貪飲藥酒，便言有病療治；不學愚僧，傳為口實。誣聖亂法，豈復過是！來者有識，慎勿隨邪。肆下，次明專任。肆，恣也。順己情者，非制而制，曰縱。違我意者，是制便斷，名奪。事既非法，人有不從，即以威武抑而挫之。所謂持戒比丘，反遭治擯，乃至羅漢亦被打罵，即其事也。暴謂兇惡，剋即侵害。尚非下，三舉況。俗節即世禮，禮以節人故也。孔子云：非禮勿視，非禮勿聽，非禮勿言，非禮勿動。《曲禮》曰：傲不可長，欲不可縱。是則儒典動必合禮，不容縱傲。安有出世道人，反成肆恣，故云也。致令下，四彰損。上句明塞學路，次句明滅法律，下二句傷歎。磐謂大石。《周易困卦》云：困于石，據于蒺蔾。（注云：石之為物，堅而不納者也。）喻上庸流濫為師首，妄行非法；則使來蒙解行不進，如困于石。若復不學，恥墮無知，如據蒺蔾，此謂進退不可之象。世途擊目，豈不昭然。羈，居宜反，馬絆也。䩛，毘必反，車束也。此二即乘駕之要物。律為住持中最，故以比焉。

In [the section] "Manifesting Faults," there are four [parts]. The first clarifies overflowing and usurping the teaching. When one's conduct violates the prohibitions and yet one falsely claims to rely on the Vinaya, this is called "overflowing and delegating." The "legal officers" are the Vinaya school. The Vinaya is in truth not like this, but the foolish consider it to be so; thus they are thrown into confusion by them. That is, the scholars of the world explain the Vinaya to instruct people: buying fine silken garments themselves, they claim to follow the king's regulations; eating gruel at night and eating lunch late, they call it adapting to regional customs; eating food at improper times, they falsely claim it does not necessarily increase evil; craving and drinking medicinal liquor, they readily say they are ill and treating disease; and foolish unlearned monks pass this around as an excuse. Defaming the sages and throwing the Dharma into disorder—how could anything surpass this! May future people of understanding be cautious not to follow such depravity. From "let loose" onward, the second [part] clarifies acting arbitrarily. "To let loose" means to be unrestrained. When things accord with their personal desires, they institute prohibitions where there are none, which is called "indulgence." When things contravene their intentions, they cut off what are genuine prohibitions, which is termed "deprivation." Since such affairs are already contrary to the Dharma, if someone does not comply, they intimidate and suppress them through force and might. What is called "a precept-keeping bhikṣu, on the contrary, suffering disciplinary expulsion, and even arhats being beaten and scolded" refers to such matters. "Brutal" means fierce and wicked; "injurious" means harming. From "even non-[Buddhists]" onward, the third [part] presents a comparison. "Mundane regulations" are worldly etiquette, because etiquette serves to regulate people. Confucius said: "Do not look at what is contrary to etiquette; do not listen to what is contrary to etiquette; do not speak what is contrary to etiquette; do not make a move contrary to etiquette." The Quli says: "Arrogance must not be allowed to grow; desires must not be indulged." Thus, according to the Confucian classics, every action must conform to etiquette, leaving no room for indulgence and arrogance. How could it be that world-transcending practitioners of the Way on the contrary become unrestrained? Hence this is said. From "thereby causing" onward, the fourth [part] manifests the harm. The upper line clarifies blocking the path of learning; the next line clarifies annihilating the Vinaya; the bottom two lines lament with sorrow. "Massive rock" means a great stone. The "Kun" hexagram of the Book of Changes states: "Oppressed by a stone, leaning on thorn-bushes." (The commentary states: "The stone as a substance is hard and will not yield.") This metaphorically describes the mediocre crowd above, who falsely become heads of teachers and errantly practice non-Dharma; they cause beginners of the future to make no progress in understanding and practice, like being oppressed by a stone. If they do not study, they will be ashamed of falling into ignorance, like leaning on thorn-bushes; this describes a situation where neither advance nor retreat is possible. This catches the eye on worldly paths—how is it not abundantly clear? Ji (phonetic transcription: ju-yi) is a horse's tether. Bi (phonetic transcription: bi-bi) is a chariot's binding strap. These two are essential items for driving vehicles. The Vinaya is the foremost among that which preserves [the Dharma], hence it is compared to them.