四分律行事鈔資持記 1.589

1.589

四中。經云：善男子！善學四根本，持戒毀戒，是法器非法器，諦自觀察，不識彼短等。因是波離起問，如鈔所引。佛答中，初二句遮俗許道。復下，制道離過。若僧不和，此句準經，一一貫下。十中缺二；國王下，有婆羅門前；怨嫌人下，有嗔恚心訶；中間，白衣為第五；婦女小兒第六。九種對人明非，第十即自已非；又九中，前七是俗眾；尼即道眾；本怨嫌人，則通道俗。如是下，明能舉既非，犯者宜拒。下下，明如法舉。同律故不出，彼云：清淨比丘威儀具足，成就五法（即五德也），應頂禮僧足，語惡比丘言：我今舉汝罪，是實不虛，是時非時，慈心軟語，為使佛法久住（下句即同利益不以損滅。）；若聽我說，我當如法舉汝等。

In the fourth. The sūtra says: "Good son! Train well in the four fundamentals, in maintaining precepts and breaking precepts, in being a vessel of Dharma and not a vessel of Dharma; observe yourself carefully, and do not perceive the shortcomings of others," and so on. Because of this, Upāli raised a question, as cited in the manual. In the Buddha's reply, the first two sentences prohibit laypeople and permit monastics. In "further...", it enjoins monastics to stay free of faults. "If the saṃgha is not in harmony"—this phrase, according to the sūtra, runs through each of the items below. Among the ten, two are missing; below "state king" there should be "before a brāhmaṇa"; below "a resentful person" there should be "rebuking with an angry mind"; in between, white-robed [laymen] are fifth, and women and children are sixth. Nine kinds clarify faults in relation to persons, and the tenth is one's own fault; moreover, among the nine, the first seven are laypeople; bhikṣuṇīs are monastics; and resentful persons apply to both monastics and laypeople. In "such...", it explains that since the accuser is flawed, the transgressor ought to reject it. Below "below...", it clarifies an accusation in accordance with Dharma. It is omitted because it is the same as the Vinaya. That text says: "A pure bhikṣu possessing full deportment and endowed with the five dharmas (namely, the five virtues) should pay homage to the feet of the saṃgha and say to the evil bhikṣu: 'I now accuse you of an offense; it is true and not false, it is the proper time and not the wrong time, spoken with a compassionate mind and soft words, in order that the Buddha-dharma may abide long' (the lower phrase means 'to benefit and not to damage or destroy'); 'if you listen to me, I shall accuse you in accordance with Dharma,' and so on."