四分律行事鈔資持記 1.874

1.874

僧捨中，初引開法。《律》因跋闍子比丘不樂淨行，還家與故二行不淨，佛因開捨。文引佛語，不出捨法；《律》云：我捨佛、捨法、捨比丘僧、捨和尚、捨阿闍梨、捨諸梵行、捨戒、捨律、捨學事，受居家法，我作淨人外道等。（即頓捨也。）我作優婆塞，我作沙彌（此漸捨也。）；須對比丘捨之，一說即成。《多論》所謂受如採寶，亦如登山，必假多緣多力；捨如失財，如從高墜，不假多緣，故唯一說。《增一》下，明分齊。彼經因僧伽摩比丘七反降魔，後更受具得阿羅漢，因開七反，已外不聽。

In relinquishment by monks, the text first cites the permissive method. The Vinaya relates that because the Vajjiputtaka bhikṣus took no pleasure in pure conduct and returned home to commit impure conduct with their former wives, the Buddha accordingly permitted relinquishment. The text cites the Buddha's words without setting forth the method of relinquishment. The Vinaya states: 'I relinquish the Buddha, relinquish the Dharma, relinquish the Saṃgha of bhikṣus, relinquish the upādhyāya, relinquish the ācārya, relinquish all brahma-conduct, relinquish the precepts, relinquish the Vinaya, relinquish the training rules, and take up the ways of the householder; I become a pure-person, an externalist, and so forth' (this is sudden relinquishment); 'I become an upāsaka, I become a śrāmaṇera' (this is gradual relinquishment). This must be relinquished facing a bhikṣu, and it is accomplished upon a single utterance. As the Sarvāstivāda Vinaya Vibhāṣā says: 'Receiving is like gathering jewels, and also like climbing a mountain; it must rely on many conditions and great effort. Relinquishing is like losing wealth, and like falling from a height; it does not rely on many conditions, hence it requires only a single utterance.' From the Ekottarika-āgama below, the limits are clarified. In that sūtra, because the bhikṣu Saṃghāma subdued Māra seven times and later received the full precepts again and attained arhatship, an exception of up to seven times was granted, and beyond that it is not permitted.