四分律行事鈔資持記 2.958

2.958

In the explanation, the first passage has three parts: first, showing the marks of earth. The Vinaya says that if it has not yet been dug, it is raw earth; this is easy to know, so it is omitted. It only clarifies earth that has already been dug, which in the text has two marks: first, according to four months, meaning that time has elapsed; second, according to being rained upon, due to moisture; by these two conditions it reverts to raw earth, so it must not be dug. For four months, being rained upon is not considered; for being rained upon, one does not wait for four months. (Some take four months and being rained upon as a single matter, but this is not seeing the Vinaya text.) From "If using..." onward, it clarifies digging and harming. The hoe is a type of shovel; the spade refers to an implement for manual plowing. The character sha (扴), pronounced in the ancient fanqie as x-a, means rubbing or shifting with the hand or an object. Conceiving it as earth means incurring the fault due to the mind. From "If not..." onward, it clarifies that employing someone without instructing them first incurs this offense.