菩薩戒義疏 2.55

2.55

第三十七、冒難遊行戒。始行菩薩業多不定，且人身難得堪為道器，不慎遊行致有夭逝，在危生念所喪事重，以不慎故制。七眾同，大小俱制。序事三重：一、明遊止所應。是制戒之緣在先兼制，更有三：初、明遊止二時十八物自隨。「二時頭陀」者，遊行時也。春秋二時調適，遊行化物無妨損也。頭陀有十二，《大論》廣明。食有五：一、不受別請，二、常一食，三、中後不飲漿，四、一坐食，五、節量食。住處有五：一、阿練若處，二、常坐不臥，三、塚間住，四、樹下坐，五、露地住。衣上有兩：一、但畜三衣，二、常著納衣。冬寒夏熱，遊行多妨損故制。若不依制，犯輕垢。有人言：菩薩立誓安居，五月下半至八月上半。文云此時不復頭陀，是安居之限。遊行冐難，皆是制限。

Thirty-seventh: the precept against traveling amidst dangers. A bodhisattva at the beginning of practice has karma that is mostly unfixed, and a human body is difficult to obtain and capable of serving as a vessel for the Path; traveling incautiously leads to premature death, and giving rise to thoughts while in danger brings great loss, so it was instituted due to carelessness. The seven assemblies share it equally, and both Mahāyāna and Hīnayāna prohibit it. The narrative of events has three levels: First, clarifying what is appropriate for traveling and staying. These conditions for instituting the precept encompass earlier prohibitions, and there are further three points: First, clarifying that during the two seasons of traveling and staying, one keeps eighteen items with oneself. "Dhūta in the two seasons" refers to the times of traveling. In the two seasons of spring and autumn, the climate is temperate, and traveling to transform beings involves no harm or impediment. There are twelve dhūta practices, broadly explained in the Dàzhìdù lùn. Regarding food there are five: first, not accepting individual invitations; second, always eating only one meal; third, not drinking syrup after noon; fourth, eating in a single sitting; fifth, regulating the amount of food. Regarding dwelling places there are five: first, an āraṇya dwelling; second, always sitting and not lying down; third, dwelling in charnel grounds; fourth, sitting under a tree; fifth, dwelling in the open. Regarding robes there are two: first, keeping only three robes; second, always wearing rag-robes. In winter's cold and summer's heat, traveling involves much impediment and harm, hence it was prohibited. If one does not conform to the prohibition, one commits a minor defilement infraction. Some say: a bodhisattva takes a pledge to observe the rains retreat from the second half of the fifth month to the first half of the eighth month. The text says that at this time one no longer practices dhūta; this is the limit of the retreat. Traveling amidst dangers all constitutes prohibited limits.