俱舍論記 16.98

16.98

「虛誑語等三名身等處起」者，釋名身等處起，是第四節。謂虛誑語、離間語、雜穢語，於名身、句身、文身處起。問：何故虛誑等三言名等處起，不言於有情、眾具、名色處起？解云：誑語等三為行誑等，巧作言詞必依名等，名等是語親正所依，以是勝故，故言名等處起。誑語等三雖亦託有情、眾具、名色處起，非親正依、非是勝故，不言有情、眾具、名色處起。故《顯宗》云「虛誑語等三，名身等處起，語體必依名等起故。語雖亦託有情等生，而正親依名身等起。又雜穢語不待有情，無有不託名身等者。」

"Three, false speech and so on, arise with respect to the group of names and the like": this explains their arising with respect to the group of names and the like, which is the fourth section. That is, false speech, malicious speech, and frivolous talk arise with respect to the group of names, the group of phrases, and the group of phonemes. Question: Why do the three—false speech and so on—say they arise with respect to names and so on, rather than saying they arise with respect to sentient beings, articles of utility, and name-and-form? Explanation: To practice deceit and so on, the three—false speech and so on—skillfully fashion verbal expressions, which necessarily rely on names and so forth; names and so forth are the direct and principal basis of speech, and because they are primary, they are said to arise with respect to names and so forth. Although the three—false speech and so on—also arise supported by sentient beings, articles of utility, and name-and-form, they are not the direct and principal bases, nor are they primary; hence it is not said that they arise with respect to sentient beings, articles of utility, and name-and-form. Thus the *Xianzong* says: "Three—false speech and so on—arise with respect to the group of names and the like, because the substance of speech necessarily arises reliant on names and so forth. Although speech also arises supported by sentient beings and so forth, it directly and principally arises reliant on the group of names and the like. Furthermore, frivolous talk does not depend on sentient beings, yet there is none that is not supported by the group of names and the like."