俱舍論記 5.7

5.7

Regarding the passage from "Furthermore, this is of two kinds" to "because each is equally possessed": this begins the third part, detailed explanations. Therein, first, generic commonality of sentient beings is explained; second, generic commonality of phenomena is explained. This section explains the commonality of sentient beings. This commonality is furthermore of two kinds: The first is non-differential, meaning that 'all sentient beings' indicates the supported [basis], and 'commonality of sentient beings' indicates the supporting [entity]. Because the commonality of sentient beings upon all sentient beings is equally possessed by all sentient beings respectively, it is called non-differential commonality. That is to say, this commonality can cause sentient beings to be reciprocally similar in kind. The second is differential, meaning that among sentient beings, there are the distinct commonalities of the three realms, the nine stages, the five destinies (gati), the four modes of birth (yoni), castes such as brāhmaṇas, clans such as Kāśyapa and Gautama, male bodies, female bodies, the five precepts, lay disciples (upāsaka), fully ordained bhikṣus with the great precepts, the four stages of approach (pratipannaka), the three fruits, learners (śaikṣa), and arhats who are beyond learning (aśaikṣa); because each is possessed equally by a given class of sentient beings, and because there are these many [classes], it is called differential. Sentient beings, realms, and so forth indicate the supported [bases], while each distinct commonality indicates the supporting [entity], because through this commonality realms and so forth can be made reciprocally identical. Question: In relation to a single sentient being, are non-differential commonality and so forth each single in substance, or each multiple in substance? Explanation: Correspondingly, their substance may each be one, like the life-faculty (jīvitendriya); or their substance may each be multiple, like the supported phenomena. Furthermore, *Nyāyānusāra* fascicle 14 says: "What is maturation (vipāka)? It refers to the commonality of destinies and births such as the hells and egg-born beings. What is uniform outflow (niṣyanda)? It refers to all commonalities of realms, stages, spheres, lineages, clans, śramaṇas, brāhmaṇas, learners, non-learners, and so forth. Other masters say: among the various commonalities, those produced and drawn forth by past karma are maturation commonalities; those arising through present effort are uniform-outflow commonalities."