俱舍論疏 14.185

14.185

論「彼經但為至現見僧寶」，通也。當來五俱隣等是現見僧，餘七生及過、未等非現見僧，故不相違。《顯宗》二十云「僧有多種，謂有情人、聲聞、福田及聖僧等。佛於此內非聲聞僧，可是餘僧，自然覺故。今所歸者是聲聞僧中除異生，聖僧除佛，福田僧除異生、佛。」准此論文，福田僧通三，聲聞兼凡，聖僧竝佛。佛非聲聞，僧是福田及聖僧攝。

On the Śāstra's phrase: "That sūtra was only for ... up to ... the presently visible Saṅgha-jewel:" The resolution. The future group of five, Kauṇḍinya and the rest, were the presently visible Saṅgha; other ones bound for seven rebirths, past, future, and so on, were not the presently visible Saṅgha; hence there is no contradiction. The Samayapradīpikā, fascicle 20, says: "There are multiple kinds of Saṅgha: namely, sentient human beings, śrāvakas, the field of merit, and the noble Saṅgha, and so forth. Among these, the Buddha is not a śrāvaka-saṅgha, but may be other saṅghas, because of being spontaneously awakened. What is now taken as refuge is the śrāvaka-saṅgha excluding worldlings; the noble Saṅgha excluding the Buddha; and the field-of-merit Saṅgha excluding worldlings and the Buddha." According to this treatise text, the field-of-merit Saṅgha extends to three; the śrāvaka Saṅgha includes ordinary persons; and the noble Saṅgha includes the Buddha. The Buddha is not a śrāvaka; the Saṅgha is subsumed under the field of merit and the noble Saṅgha.