俱舍論疏 19.80

19.80

On the verse stating, "As previously stated," the following single stanza is the second [section], explaining that what is abandoned through receptivity (kṣānti) is both determinate and indeterminate, whereas what is abandoned through knowledge (jñāna) is exclusively determinate and differs [accordingly]. The *Vibhāṣā*, fascicle 51, states: "'Preliminary' (pūrvāṅga) has three meanings: first, unique; second, definitive; third, initial. As for 'unique preliminary': if afflictions pertain to the three realms and are abandoned exclusively through seeing, there are two propositions: in the single stage of neither-conceptualization-nor-non-conceptualization, they are abandoned exclusively through seeing and abandoned exclusively by noble persons (ārya); in the lower eight stages, they pertain to both types of persons—abandonment by noble persons is exclusively abandonment through seeing, while abandonment by ordinary persons (pṛthagjana) is exclusively abandonment through cultivation. Here, taking abandonment through seeing in the stage of neither-conceptualization-nor-non-conceptualization as the preliminary (since the path of seeing is unique, it is answered first). As for 'definitive preliminary': if afflictions are bound exclusively to the desire realm and pertain to all five categories, taking their cultivation as the preliminary has two propositions: either abandoned through cultivation, or abandoned through seeing and cultivation. That which is abandoned through cultivation is determinate, because whether by noble ones or ordinary ones, it is always abandoned through cultivation. What is abandoned through seeing is indeterminate: abandonment by noble ones is abandonment through seeing, while abandonment by ordinary ones is abandonment through cultivation. Because abandonment through cultivation is determinate, it is answered first; since among the five categories it is the last, it is called 'definitive preliminary'. As for 'initial preliminary': if afflictions pertain to the three realms and to all five categories, taking their seeing as preliminary has three propositions: what is abandoned through seeing in neither-conceptualization is abandoned exclusively by noble persons, abandoned exclusively by an untainted path, and abandoned exclusively through seeing—this is the first proposition. The lower eight stages are not abandoned exclusively through seeing, and hence are not combined [with it] in establishing it. This is not analogous to the path of cultivation, because the lower stages of the path of cultivation are abandoned exclusively through cultivation; therefore they are combined in establishing 'abandoned through cultivation'. Throughout the lower eight stages all are abandoned through cultivation, pertaining to abandonment by both ordinary and noble persons; whereas the single stage of neither-conceptualization is abandoned exclusively by noble persons and exclusively by an untainted path. Because they are alike in being abandoned exclusively through cultivation, they are combined as one, forming the second proposition. It is not analogous to the path of seeing, because possessing a determinate [nature], it is not the third proposition; and because, being combined with the lower, it is established as indeterminate with respect to ordinary/noble and tainted/untainted, it is not the first proposition. What is abandoned through seeing in the lower eight stages is solely indeterminate, and therefore forms the third proposition." Question: What does "preliminary" mean? Answer: The meaning of establishing first and answering first is the meaning of "preliminary". As with the initial preliminary, it first establishes what is abandoned through seeing, next establishes what is abandoned through cultivation, and afterwards establishes the indeterminate. This follows the order established by the *Vibhāṣā*.