瑜伽論記 21.358

21.358

初辨體性者，若約五法出體，名句字三謂於聲上有詮召用假立名等，若推假入實，但以聲為體，若其假實殊途合用異本，即用五法中不相應法為名句字體，謂依字有名，依名有句，句必有名，名必有字，然依聲立字，是單假，依字立名，依名立句，是其重假。然有孤字無詮表者，有別字體，若依字成名，名中更無字體，依名成句，句中亦無名體。

First, concerning the discernment of intrinsic nature: if one adduces the substance in terms of the five dharmas, the three—name, phrase, and syllable—are nominal designations conventionally posited based upon the expressive and designative functions of sound. If one traces the nominal back into the real, they take sound alone as their substance. If nominal and real take distinct paths and are combined with different bases, one takes the unassociated dharmas among the five dharmas as the substance of name, phrase, and syllable: relying on syllables there are names, relying on names there are phrases; a phrase must possess names, and a name must possess syllables. However, positing syllables based on sound is a single nominal designation; positing names based on syllables and positing phrases based on names are stacked nominal designations. Yet, where there is an isolated syllable without expressive denotation, it has a separate syllable-substance; if relying on syllables a name is formed, within the name there is no longer a separate syllable-substance; if relying on names a phrase is formed, within the phrase there is likewise no separate name-substance.