成唯識論述記 1.465

1.465

依一、二等數，時、方、等實，遠覺所待，名為「彼性」。此物是一，彼物是二等，故屬於數；此時、彼時，故屬於時；此方、彼方，故屬方等。此性翻彼，應知其相。覺有二種：一、現；二、比。謂至實色等根等合時，有了相生，名為「現量」。此宗意說：眼根舒光，至於色境，方始取之。如燈照物，聲、香、味觸四境，來至於根，方始取之。故遠見打鍾，久方聞聲，聲來入耳，方可聞也。根與至境，隣合之時，有了相生，此了相者是現量體。比有二種：一、見同，故比。見不相違法，而比於宗果，如見煙時，比有火等。二、不見同，故比。見相違法，而比宗果。如見雹時，比禾稼損，見禾稼損，比有風雹。

Depending on numbers such as one or two, and substances such as time and direction, that upon which the cognition of distance relies is called 'otherness' (paratva). Saying 'this object is one, that object is two,' and so forth, belongs to number; saying 'this time, that time' belongs to time; saying 'this direction, that direction' belongs to direction and so forth. 'Thisness' (aparatva) is the opposite of that, and its characteristics should be known accordingly. Cognition (buddhi) has two kinds: first, direct perception (pratyakṣa); second, inference (anumāna). That is, when the sense faculties and the like unite with substances, forms, and so on as they arrive, a cognizing aspect arises, which is called 'direct perception' (pratyakṣapramāṇa). The meaning of this school's doctrine is: the visual faculty radiates light that reaches the realm of visible forms, and only then apprehends them, just as a lamp illuminates objects; whereas the four realms of sound, smell, taste, and touch come and reach the sense faculty, and only then are apprehended. Thus, when seeing a bell struck in the distance, it is only after a long time that one hears the sound, because the sound must come and enter the ear before it can be heard. At the moment when the sense faculty and the reached object unite closely, a cognizing aspect arises; this cognizing aspect is the substance of direct perception. Inference has two kinds: first, inference through seeing similarity: seeing a non-contradictory dharma and inferring the consequence of the thesis, such as inferring the presence of fire upon seeing smoke. Second, inference through not seeing similarity: seeing a contradictory dharma and inferring the consequence of the thesis, such as inferring damage to crops upon seeing hail, or inferring the occurrence of wind and hail upon seeing damaged crops.