因明入正理論疏 1.28

1.28

First is valid proof (sādhana): the reason and example are completely correct and the meaning of the thesis is fully accomplished; it is expressed to enlighten others, hence it is called valid proof. (In Diṅnāga's valid proof, only the reason and the example are taken; ancient [masters] additionally included the thesis and so forth. Reason and example have two characteristics: first, being complete without deficiency, because they are free of the seven [fallacies] and so on; second, being correct and not erroneous, because they are free of the fourteen [fallacies] and so on. The thesis also has two characteristics: first, its members are complete, because both the dependent and that on which it depends are fulfilled; second, it is accomplished, because both the dependent and that on which it depends are free from faults. By this, the treatise shows what is true without falsehood, and its meaning also concurrently indicates being complete without deficiency. Uttering these truthful words generates correct understanding in another; since the thesis is made manifest through words, it is called valid proof. Because of this, the fallacious proof of "antronomy" (viruddhāvyabhicārin), although free from the fault of deficiency, is not a valid proof, because it cannot cause correct cognition to arise in another.)