大乘義章 5.86

5.86

第三門中約對五住共相收攝。言五住者，一見一處住地、二欲愛住地、三色愛住地、四有愛住地、五無明住地。此義廣釋，如五住章。此八通論皆是無明，智障淨智所遠離故。尋末取本，五住所攝，八中初三是無明地，但無明中有地有起，任性無知說之為地，作意分別說以為起。此前三妄作意起故，是起非地。故論說言「如是如實，凡愚不知，起八妄想。」凡愚不知，是無明地。所起妄想，是無明起。次二妄想，是五住中見一處地。但就見中，有地有起。輕微之想，謂有我人及有我所，說之為地；重心窮徹，執定我人，說以為起。我及我所此二妄想，輕微之見、非重計執，故說為地；所生見慢，是其起也。後三妄想，是欲愛色愛有愛三種住地。但就愛中亦有地起。輕微之想，於外境界取違中順三種境別，說之為地；依此生貪嗔癡等，說以為起。後三妄想乃是輕微取相之心故說為地，所生貪等是其起也。就無明中，隱細彰麁；見愛之中，彰細隱麁，義之左右。八妄想義，略之云爾。

In the third gate, they are subsumed in correlation with the five entrenchments. As for the five entrenchments: first is the entrenchment of views unified in one place; second is the entrenchment of desire-clinging; third is the entrenchment of form-clinging; fourth is the entrenchment of existence-clinging; fifth is the entrenchment of ignorance. This doctrine is explained extensively as in the chapter on the five entrenchments. In general discussion, these eight are all ignorance, because they are cognitive obscurations that are abandoned by pure cognition. Tracing the branches back to the root, they are subsumed under the five entrenchments: among the eight, the first three are the ground of ignorance. However, within ignorance there is the ground and there is the manifest arising: spontaneous unknowing is called the ground, while deliberate discrimination is called the manifest arising. Because these preceding three false conceptualizations arise through deliberate attention, they are the manifest arising and not the ground. Therefore, the treatise states: "As it truly is, foolish worldlings do not know, giving rise to the eight false conceptualizations." "Foolish worldlings do not know" is the ground of ignorance; the false conceptualizations that are given rise to are the manifest arising of ignorance. The next two false conceptualizations are the ground of views unified in one place among the five entrenchments. However, with respect to view, there are also the ground and the manifest arising: the subtle conceptualization that imagines there to be a self, a person, and what belongs to a self is called the ground; a grave mind that investigates thoroughly and fixates firmly on a self and a person is called the manifest arising. These two false conceptualizations of self and what belongs to self are subtle views, not heavy attachments, and therefore are called the ground; the view and pride produced from them are their manifest arising. The last three false conceptualizations are the three kinds of entrenchment: desire-clinging, form-clinging, and existence-clinging. However, with respect to clinging, there are also the ground and the manifest arising: the subtle conceptualization that grasps the three distinctions of contrary, compliant, and middle external sense-objects is called the ground; the generation of greed, anger, delusion, and so forth based on this is called the manifest arising. The last three false conceptualizations are merely subtle minds grasping marks, and therefore are called the ground; the greed and so forth generated are their manifest arising. Within ignorance, the subtle is hidden and the coarse is manifested; within view and clinging, the subtle is manifested and the coarse is hidden: these are complementary aspects of the doctrine. The meaning of the eight false conceptualizations is briefly stated thus.