摩訶止觀 10.58

10.58

略明見發則有五番；一番有四，則有二十門；一門有七，合一百四十見法不同。廣論無量，皆藉因緣而得開發。良以通修止故，諸禪得發；通修觀故，諸見得發。通修之緣乃由止觀，而根本別因必由前世。或在外外道中學，或為佛弟子大小乘中學，或因聞法相曾發諸見，或因坐禪發此諸見。隔生廢忘，解不現前。今修靜心，或聞經論熏其宿業，見法還生。先世熟者今則易發；先世生澁今則難發。隔生遠則難；近則易。若外外見熟、近，則前發；內見熟、近，則先現。神通、韋陀既是事相，隔生易忘，難發；見是慧性，難忘，易發。如人久別，憶名忘面；事理難易亦復如是。若前世外有鬼緣，鬼則加之，發鬼禪、鬼見；外有聖緣，聖人加之，發正禪、見也。

To briefly explain the arising of views, there are five series. In one series there are four, thus making twenty gates; in one gate there are seven, making altogether one hundred and forty different views of phenomena. Discussed extensively, they are immeasurable, all relying upon conditions to be opened and developed. Truly, because of generally cultivating calming, the dhyānas are activated; because of generally cultivating contemplation, views are activated. The condition of general cultivation derives from calming and contemplation, yet the fundamental distinct causes necessarily derive from past lives: either studying among external tīrthikas, or studying among disciples of the Buddha in the Great or Small Vehicles; or previously having given rise to views due to hearing the characteristics of phenomena, or giving rise to these views due to sitting in meditation. Separated by [another] lifetime, these were abandoned and forgotten, and the understanding does not appear. Now, cultivating a quiet mind, or hearing the sūtras and treatises perfuming their past karma, the view-phenomena arise again. Those that were mature in a previous life arise easily now; those that were unripened and awkward in a previous life are difficult to arise now. If separated by lifetimes that are distant, it is difficult; if close, it is easy. If external views were mature and close, they arise first; if inner views were mature and close, they appear first. Supernormal powers and the Vedas, being phenomenal forms, are easily forgotten across lifetimes and are difficult to arise; views are of the nature of wisdom, are difficult to forget, and arise easily. Like someone separated [from an acquaintance] for a long time, he remembers the name but forgets the face; phenomena and principle, difficulty and ease, are also like this. If in a previous life there was an external condition of ghosts, ghosts will add their influence, activating ghost-dhyāna and ghost-views; if there was an external condition of sages, sages will add their influence, activating correct dhyāna and views.