佛祖統紀 32.17

32.17

At the center of Jambudvīpa is the lake named Anavatapta. It lies south of the Fragrant Mountains (Gandhamādana) and north of the Great Snow Mountains (Himālaya), with a circumference of eight hundred li. A bodhisattva of the tenth stage manifests as a dragon king and dwells secretly within it, sending forth pure and cool waters to supply Jambudvīpa. On the eastern side of the lake, from a silver ox's mouth flows the Gaṅgā River, which circles the lake once and enters the southeastern sea. On the southern side of the lake, from a golden elephant's mouth flows the Sindhu River, which circles the lake once and enters the southwestern sea. On the western side of the lake, from a lapis lazuli horse's mouth flows the Vakṣu River, which circles the lake once and enters the northwestern sea. On the northern side of the lake, from a crystal lion's mouth flows the Sītā River, which circles the lake once and enters the northeastern sea. Some say that it flows covertly underground and emerges from Mount Jishi to become the source of the Yellow River of the eastern land (the explanation of Jambudvīpa is seen earlier in the Diagram of the Four Continents and Nine Mountains. Anavatapta is translated here as 'Free from Heat and Affliction'; the lake is adorned with the four jewels, and its waters flow out from the mouths of the four beasts. Gaṅgā is translated here as 'Coming from Heaven', meaning that its origin is high. Sindhu is translated here as 'Verifying River'. Vakṣu is translated here as 'Blue River'. Sītā is translated here as 'Chanting River'. Jambudvīpa is also named Yanfuti). Nearest from Gaochang is the country of Agni (having ten-odd saṅghārāmas; the Book of Han calls it Yanqi). Nine hundred li to the southwest is Kucha (Kuji; with one hundred saṅghārāmas; formerly called Qiuzi). Six hundred li to the southwest is Bālukā (formerly called Gumo). Six hundred li to the northwest brings one to the Ice Mountains (Ling Shan), the northern heights of the Pamir Mountains; traveling four hundred li one reaches the Clear Lake (Issyk-Kul). Going north for five hundred li is the city of the Suyāb River (Suyab). Four hundred li to the west is the Thousand Springs (Mingt-bulak), fronting the snow mountains to the south and bordered by flat plains on three sides, where the Tujue come to escape the summer heat. Going west one reaches Taras (Daluosi); to the southwest is the White Water City (Isfijab); to the southwest is the city of Gongyu; to the south is Nūjkath; to the west is Chach (Shiguo); to the west is Osrushana; to the northwest is Samarkand (Kangguo); to the south one reaches Māymurgh (Miguo); to the north is Kapūtānā (Caoguo); to the west is Kushāniya (Heguo); to the west is Eastern Bukhara; to the west is Middle Bukhara; to the west one reaches Western Bukhara; to the southwest is Khwārazm (Huoli). ○ Southwest from Samarkand one reaches Kesh (Shiguo); going southeast one enters the Iron Gate; coming out south one reaches Tokharistan (which is the Tuhuoluo previously cited from the Book of Sui), flanking the Pamirs on the east, bordering Persia on the west, facing the snow mountains to the south, and controlling the Iron Gate to the north. ○ Following the Vakṣu River flowing north, one reaches Termez (Tami); to the east one reaches Chaghāniyān; further east one reaches Khulm; further east one reaches Yumān; southwest bordering the river one reaches Kuvadhiyān; further east one reaches Wakhsh; further east one reaches Khuttal; bordering the Pamirs on the east one reaches Kumedh; to the south one reaches Shighnān; crossing the river one reaches Darmāsthit. ○ Southeast from Kunduz (Huoguo) one reaches Khost; to the west is Baghlān; to the south is Andarāb; to the southwest is Khulm; to the east is Balkh (Bahu), bordering the river on the north, with one hundred saṅghārāmas, which people call the 'Little Rājagṛha'.