宋高僧傳 3.35

3.35

The first precedent consists of four propositions: first, translating the characters without translating the sounds, which refers to "dhāraṇī"; second, translating the sounds without translating the characters, such as the "svastika" character on the Buddha's chest; third, translating both sounds and characters, which refers to the pure Chinese found in the various scriptures and vinaya texts; fourth, translating neither the sounds nor the characters, such as the two characters at the head of a scripture title. The second precedent is "Hu languages vs. Sanskrit words": first, in the Five Indies, it is purely Sanskrit.