廣弘明集 11.102

11.102

魏志曰。張魯字公旗。祖父陵客蜀學道。在鵠鳴山。造作道書以惑百姓。從受道者出米五斗。世號米賊。陵死子衡傳業。衡死魯復傳之。陵為天師。衡為嗣師。魯為係師自號三師也。素與劉焉善。焉死子璋立。以魯不順殺魯母及家室。魯遂據漢中。以鬼道化民。符書章禁為本。來學者初名鬼卒。受道者用金帛之物。號為祭酒。各領部眾。眾多者名治頭。有病者令首過。大都與張角類相似。後漢皇甫嵩傳云。鉅鹿張角自稱大賢郎師。奉事黃老行張陵之術。用符水祝法以治病。遣弟子八人。使於四方以行教化。轉相誑惑。十餘年間眾數十萬。自青徐幽冀荊楊兗豫八州之民。莫不必應遂置三十六方。方猶將軍號也。

The Records of Wei states: 'Zhang Lu, courtesy name Gongqi. His grandfather Ling stayed as a guest in Shu and studied the Dao at Mount Huming, fabricating Daoist texts to delude the common people. Those who followed and received the Dao from him contributed five pecks of rice, so the world called them the Rice Bandits. When Ling died, his son Heng transmitted the trade. When Heng died, Lu transmitted it in turn. Ling was the Celestial Master, Heng was the Inheriting Master, and Lu was the Successive Master, styling themselves the Three Masters. He was initially on good terms with Liu Yan. When Yan died, his son Zhang succeeded him. Because Lu was disobedient, Zhang executed Lu's mother and household. Lu thereupon occupied Hanzhong and transformed the people with the way of ghosts, taking talismans, registers, petitions, and prohibitions as fundamental. Those who came to study were initially named Ghost Soldiers. Those who received the Dao used gold and silk goods and were titled Libationers, each commanding a contingent. Those with many followers were called Parish Heads. The sick were ordered to confess their faults. In general, it was similar to Zhang Jue.' The Biography of Huangfu Song in the Book of the Later Han states: 'Zhang Jue of Julu styled himself Great Sage and Good Master, serving Huang-Lao and practicing the arts of Zhang Ling. He used talismanic water and incantations to cure illnesses. He sent out eight disciples as emissaries to the four directions to carry out his teaching and conversion, successively duping and deluding people. In slightly over ten years his followers numbered several hundred thousand; among the people of the eight provinces of Qing, Xu, You, Ji, Jing, Yang, Yan, and Yu, there were none who did not respond. Thereupon he established thirty-six Fang; a Fang was like the title of general.