法苑珠林 88.158

88.158

又成實論云。八戒優婆塞者。秦言善宿男。是人善心離破戒宿故。優婆塞者。諸經亦云清信士。亦云近佛男。優婆夷者。亦云清信女。亦云近佛女也。依如西域俗人信持五戒八戒者。始得喚為優婆塞優婆夷。衣服居止舉動合宜亞類出家人。在於不持戒者上坐。不同漢地無法白衣業行昏馳穢染雜濁者。雷同呼為優婆塞等。亦稱為賢者。無鑒之甚。勿過於此。

Furthermore, the Tattvasiddhi-śāstra states: 'An upāsaka of the eight precepts is called in the language of Qin “a man of wholesome dwelling (staying)”, because this person’s wholesome mind stays far from breaking the precepts.' Upāsaka is also rendered in various sutras as 'gentleman of pure faith', and also as 'man who approaches the Buddha'. Upāsikā is also rendered as 'lady of pure faith', and also as 'woman who approaches the Buddha'. In accord with the Western Regions, only when laypeople faithfully uphold the five precepts and eight precepts can they begin to be called upāsakas and upāsikās. Their clothing, dwelling, and deportment are fitting, and second only to those who have left the household life; they sit above those who do not uphold the precepts. This is unlike the white-robed laity in the Han land who lack the Dharma, whose karmic practices are confused and reckless, and who are contaminated and turbid, yet are indiscriminately called upāsakas and the like, and also called 'worthy persons'. There is no greater lack of discernment than this.