法苑珠林 97.21

97.21

淮南子曰。天氣為魂。地氣為魄魄問於魂曰。道何以為體。魂曰。以無有形乎。魄曰。有形也。若也無有。何而問也。魂曰。吾直有所遇之耳。視之無形。聽之無聲。謂之幽冥者。所以喻道。而非道也。問曰。既知魂與魄別。今時俗亡何故以衣喚魂。不云喚魄。答曰。魂是靈。魄是屍。故禮以初亡之時。以己所著之衣。將向屍魄之上。以魂外出故。將衣喚魂。魂識己衣。尋衣歸魄。若魂歸於魄。則屍口纊動。若魂不歸於魄。則口纊不動。以理而言。故云招魂不言喚魄。故蕭喪服要記曰。魯哀公葬其父。孔子問曰。寧設魂衣乎。哀公曰。魂衣起伯桃。伯桃荊山之下道逢寒死。友人羊角哀往迎其屍。愍魂神之寒。故改作魂衣。吾父生服錦繡。死于衣被。何用衣為。

The Huainanzi says: "Heavenly qi becomes hun; earthly qi becomes po." The po asked the hun, saying, "What does the Dao take as its substance?" The hun said, "Does it take the formless as its substance?" The po said, "It has form. If it were non-existent, why would you ask?" The hun said, "I have merely encountered it: looking at it, it has no form; listening to it, it has no sound. What is termed 'dim and obscure' is that by which the Dao is illustrated, but it is not the Dao itself." A question asks: "Since we know that hun and po are distinct, why do contemporary customs call back the hun with clothing upon a death, and do not say calling back the po?" Answer: "The hun is the spirit, while the po is the corpse. Therefore, according to the rites, at the initial moment of death, one takes the clothes that the deceased wore and brings them over the corpse-po. Because the hun has gone outside, one takes the clothes to summon the hun. The hun recognizes its own clothes, follows the clothes, and returns to the po. If the hun returns to the po, the silk wisp at the corpse's mouth moves. If the hun does not return to the po, the silk wisp at the mouth does not move. Speaking from principle, this is why it is called 'summoning the hun' and not called 'calling back the po.' Thus Xiao's Summary Records of Mourning Garments says: 'When Duke Ai of Lu buried his father, Confucius asked him, "Would you rather set up the soul-garment (hunyi)?" Duke Ai said: "The soul-garment originated with Botao. When Botao encountered the cold on the road beneath Mount Jing and died, his friend Yang Jiao'ai went to receive his corpse; pitying the coldness of his hun-spirit, he therefore fashioned a soul-garment. My father wore brocades and embroideries in life, and in death he rests in garments and coverlets; what use would a soul-garment be?"'"