法苑珠林 99.35

99.35

又僧祇律云。爾時世尊大會說法。有比丘口臭。在下風而住。佛知而故問。是比丘何故獨坐。答言。世尊。制戒不聽嚼木。所以口臭。恐熏污人。故在下風。佛言。聽用嚼木。極長十六指。極短四指以上。嚼時當在屏處先淨洗手。嚼己水洗棄之。嚼時不得咽之。若醫言為差病。須咽者聽。若無齒者。當用灰虜土塼礓石草木洗口。已食若食上欲行水當淨水。先洗手器然後行水。若手污者。當以葉承取。若口飲時。不得沒脣使器著額。當拄脣而飲。飲時不得盡飲。當留少許洮蕩已從口處棄之。行水人當好護淨器。若見沒脣著額者。當放置一處以草幟。令人知不淨。若行非時漿飲。亦如前法。

The Mahāsāṃghika-vinaya also says: At that time, when the World-Honoured One was teaching the Dharma to a great assembly, there was a monk with bad breath who stayed downwind. The Buddha, knowing this, purposefully asked, "Why is this monk sitting alone?" He replied, "World-Honoured One, the precepts prohibit chewing tooth-wood; therefore my mouth smells foul. Fearing to offend people with the stench, I stay downwind." The Buddha said, "I allow the use of tooth-wood. At most it should be sixteen finger-breadths long, and at least four finger-breadths or more. When chewing it, one should be in a secluded place and first wash one's hands clean. After chewing, wash it with water and discard it. When chewing, one must not swallow it. If a physician says that swallowing is required to cure an illness, it is permitted. If one has no teeth, one should use ash, saline soil, crushed brick, sandstone, grass, or wood to wash the mouth. Having eaten, or if water is to be served at the meal, there must be pure water; first wash the hand vessels and only then serve the water. If one's hands are soiled, one should hold it using leaves underneath. When drinking with the mouth, one must not submerge the lips or let the vessel touch the forehead; one should touch the lips to it and drink. When drinking, one must not drink it entirely; one should leave a little, rinse and swish it, and discard it from where the mouth touched. The person serving water must take good care of the pure vessels. If they see that someone has submerged their lips or touched their forehead, they must place the vessel in a separate spot and mark it with grass to let people know it is impure. If one serves untimely beverages, it is also according to the previous method."