諸經要集 11.19

11.19

第四就人中起罪行者。人中即有四天下。南閻東弗西耶此三方人。起惡多故皆具十惡。然東西則輕。南方最重。以有受惡律儀故。若就北單以論罪者。彼方唯有四不善業。一綺語。二貪。三瞋。四邪見。由有歌詠故有綺語。貪瞋邪見成而不行。問北方有行欲事。云何言無邪婬業道。答彼方無夫妻共相配匹。雖有婬事無相陵奪。故。無邪婬。問既有行婬。即貪欲現行。云何而言但成不行。答彼起婬貪。非俗能裁。雖數現行。聖說無罪。但此貪心所起之婬。尚非罪業。不牽苦報。何況內心能起之貪。如世夫妻。貪愛非制。問北方之人。既有歌詠等。此不應法。即是妄語。云何不說有妄語業。答彼人淳直不行姦偽。無誑他心。故非妄語。彼定千歲故無殺命。彼方衣食地有粳米樹有寶衣。自然而出。無有守掌。故無偷盜。彼人和柔。故無兩舌惡口等業。故雜心論云。欝單有四不善業道。壽命定故無殺生。無愛財故無盜。無雜愛女人故無邪婬。無欺他故無妄語。常和合故無兩舌。以柔軟故無麁言。有歌歎故有綺語。若論意業道。雖成就而不現行。

Fourth, regarding the arising of sinful conduct among humans: among humans there are the four continents. The people of the three directions—Jambudvīpa in the south, Pūrvavideha in the east, and Aparagodānīya in the west—generate much evil and so all fully possess the ten unwholesome actions. However, the east and west are lighter, while the southern continent is the heaviest, because they take on unwholesome discipline. If we discuss offenses regarding Uttarakuru in the north: that continent has only four unwholesome karmas: (1) frivolous talk, (2) covetousness, (3) ill will, and (4) wrong view. Because they have singing, they have frivolous talk; covetousness, ill will, and wrong view are possessed but not actively manifest. Question: In the northern continent they engage in sexual desire; why say there is no path of action of sexual misconduct? Answer: In that continent there is no mutual pairing of husband and wife; although there are sexual acts, there is no mutual violation or usurpation; hence there is no sexual misconduct. Question: Since they engage in sex, sensual lust is actively manifest; why say it is only possessed and not actively manifest? Answer: The lust they generate is not something worldly conventions judge; although it is frequently manifest, the noble ones say it is without offense. If the sex produced by this covetous mind is not even a sinful karma and does not draw painful retribution, how much less could the covetousness that internally arises [do so]? It is like husband and wife in the world, whose lustful love is not restricted. Question: Since the people of the northern continent have singing and the like, this does not accord with the Dharma and is just false speech; why not say there is karma of false speech? Answer: Those people are pure and straightforward, not practicing deceit or falsehood, and have no mind to deceive others; therefore it is not false speech. Their lifespan is fixed at a thousand years, so there is no killing of life. In that continent, clothing and food, non-glutinous rice from the ground, and precious garments from trees arise spontaneously without anyone guarding them; therefore there is no stealing. Those people are gentle and harmonious, so they lack the karma of malicious speech and harsh speech. Thus the Za xin lun says: Uttarakuru has four unwholesome paths of action. Because their lifespan is fixed, there is no killing. Because they do not crave wealth, there is no stealing. Because they do not promiscuously crave women, there is no sexual misconduct. Because they do not deceive others, there is no false speech. Because they are always in harmony, there is no malicious speech. Because they are gentle, there is no coarse language. Because they sing and chant, there is frivolous talk. As for the paths of mental action, although possessed, they are not actively manifest.