諸經要集 11.19

11.19

Fourth, regarding the arising of sinful conduct among humans: among humans there are the four continents. The people of the three directions—Jambudvīpa in the south, Pūrvavideha in the east, and Aparagodānīya in the west—generate much evil and so all fully possess the ten unwholesome actions. However, the east and west are lighter, while the southern continent is the heaviest, because they take on unwholesome discipline. If we discuss offenses regarding Uttarakuru in the north: that continent has only four unwholesome karmas: (1) frivolous talk, (2) covetousness, (3) ill will, and (4) wrong view. Because they have singing, they have frivolous talk; covetousness, ill will, and wrong view are possessed but not actively manifest. Question: In the northern continent they engage in sexual desire; why say there is no path of action of sexual misconduct? Answer: In that continent there is no mutual pairing of husband and wife; although there are sexual acts, there is no mutual violation or usurpation; hence there is no sexual misconduct. Question: Since they engage in sex, sensual lust is actively manifest; why say it is only possessed and not actively manifest? Answer: The lust they generate is not something worldly conventions judge; although it is frequently manifest, the noble ones say it is without offense. If the sex produced by this covetous mind is not even a sinful karma and does not draw painful retribution, how much less could the covetousness that internally arises [do so]? It is like husband and wife in the world, whose lustful love is not restricted. Question: Since the people of the northern continent have singing and the like, this does not accord with the Dharma and is just false speech; why not say there is karma of false speech? Answer: Those people are pure and straightforward, not practicing deceit or falsehood, and have no mind to deceive others; therefore it is not false speech. Their lifespan is fixed at a thousand years, so there is no killing of life. In that continent, clothing and food, non-glutinous rice from the ground, and precious garments from trees arise spontaneously without anyone guarding them; therefore there is no stealing. Those people are gentle and harmonious, so they lack the karma of malicious speech and harsh speech. Thus the Za xin lun says: Uttarakuru has four unwholesome paths of action. Because their lifespan is fixed, there is no killing. Because they do not crave wealth, there is no stealing. Because they do not promiscuously crave women, there is no sexual misconduct. Because they do not deceive others, there is no false speech. Because they are always in harmony, there is no malicious speech. Because they are gentle, there is no coarse language. Because they sing and chant, there is frivolous talk. As for the paths of mental action, although possessed, they are not actively manifest.