一切經音義 14.151

14.151

旌鼓（上積盈反或作矜爾雅注旄首曰旌郭璞云戴旄於竿頭杜注左傳云旌章也賈注國語云旌表也顧野王云凡旄者旄牛尾也施於幢旗之端如今有旆也旄音毛說文游車載旌所以精進士卒也從於音偃從生生聲也下音古鼓者所以警眾也周禮有六鼓雷靈路鼖（扶文）鼛（公刀）[(普-(美-(王/大)))/鼓]（𨑲刃）易曰鼓動也震音也鄭注儀禮擊也白虎通曰鼓者坎之氣也說文鼓郭也從壴（竹句）從支經文從皮作皷俗字非也）。

Banners and drums (旌鼓: the upper character [banner (旌)] is 積 [ji] + 盈 [ying] [jīng]; it is also written as 矜. The Erya commentary says: 'A pole topped with yak-tail hairs is called a 旌.' Guo Pu says: 'Affixing yak-tail hairs atop the pole.' Du's commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: '旌 means insignia.' Jia's commentary on the Guoyu says: '旌 means an emblem.' Gu Yewang says: 'In general, 旄 refers to the tail of a yak, attached to the tip of banners, like modern streamers.' 旄 is pronounced 毛 [máo]. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Mounted on excursion carriages, banners serve to encourage soldiers to advance vigorlously.' Composed of 㫃 (pronounced 偃 [yǎn]) and 生, with 生 as phonetic. The lower character [drum (鼓)] is pronounced 古 [gǔ]; drums are used to alert the multitudes. The Zhouli has six types of drums: the thunder drum, the spirit drum, the road drum, the fen drum (扶 [fu] + 文 [wen] [fén]), the gao drum (公 [gong] + 刀 [dao] [gāo]), and the jin drum (𨑲 [jin] + 刃 [ren] [jìn]). The Yijing says: 'To drum is to stimulate; it is the sound of thunder (Zhen).' Zheng's commentary on the Yili says: 'To strike.' The Baihu tong says: 'The drum embodies the qi of Kan.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Drum means an enclosure.' Composed of 壴 (竹 [zhu] + 句 [ju] [zhù]) and 支. In the sūtra text it is written with the skin radical as 皷, which is an incorrect vulgar character).