一切經音義 14.151

14.151

Banners and drums (旌鼓: the upper character [banner (旌)] is 積 [ji] + 盈 [ying] [jīng]; it is also written as 矜. The Erya commentary says: 'A pole topped with yak-tail hairs is called a 旌.' Guo Pu says: 'Affixing yak-tail hairs atop the pole.' Du's commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: '旌 means insignia.' Jia's commentary on the Guoyu says: '旌 means an emblem.' Gu Yewang says: 'In general, 旄 refers to the tail of a yak, attached to the tip of banners, like modern streamers.' 旄 is pronounced 毛 [máo]. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Mounted on excursion carriages, banners serve to encourage soldiers to advance vigorlously.' Composed of 㫃 (pronounced 偃 [yǎn]) and 生, with 生 as phonetic. The lower character [drum (鼓)] is pronounced 古 [gǔ]; drums are used to alert the multitudes. The Zhouli has six types of drums: the thunder drum, the spirit drum, the road drum, the fen drum (扶 [fu] + 文 [wen] [fén]), the gao drum (公 [gong] + 刀 [dao] [gāo]), and the jin drum (𨑲 [jin] + 刃 [ren] [jìn]). The Yijing says: 'To drum is to stimulate; it is the sound of thunder (Zhen).' Zheng's commentary on the Yili says: 'To strike.' The Baihu tong says: 'The drum embodies the qi of Kan.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Drum means an enclosure.' Composed of 壴 (竹 [zhu] + 句 [ju] [zhù]) and 支. In the sūtra text it is written with the skin radical as 皷, which is an incorrect vulgar character).