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一切經音義 46.143

English (machine translation) 46.143

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46.143

Stubborn and perverse (剛愎: [for 愎], fu and bi fan; the Zuo zhuan says: 'He refused admonitions and violated the divinations', where Du Yu's commentary says: 'Bi means perverse'; it also says: 'Strong, perverse, and unkind', bi meaning obstinate).

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