一切經音義 46

English (machine translation) 46

Language: English

46.2

Sounds and Meanings of the Commentary on the Great Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra (Mahāprajñāpāramitopadeśa), One Hundred Fascicles (Ninth case has no phonetic glosses)

46.4

Leaping over the city walls [踰城] (fanqie: 庾俱 [yú]; the Guangya says: "踰 means to cross over, to step across, to pass beyond").

46.5

Barter coarsely [𧶝麁] (fanqie: 莫候 [mòu]; the Sancang says: "Trade and buy, exchange. It refers to exchanging goods as 𧶝").

Illusory arts [幻術] (fanqie: 候辨 [huàn]; the Shuowen says: "幻 means deceiving and deluding by mutual fraud. In our note, 'illusion' refers to mutual deception and dazzling so as to bewilder people's eyes; 'art' means method").

46.7

Fruitless toil [唐勞] (in the Zigu, the ancient character has the two forms 碭 and 啺, both fanqie: 徒當 [táng]; in our note, Sheren says: "勞 means exhaustion of strength").

46.8

Infant chuckles [嬰咳] (fanqie: 於盈 [yīng]; 嬰 is like 嫛婗. The Cang Jie pian says: "A girl is called 嬰, a boy is called 兒." The Shiming says: "Before the chest is called 嬰; one brings them before the chest to suckle and nurture them, hence they are called infants [嬰兒]." 咳 is the ancient character for 孩, fanqie: 胡來 [hái]; the Shuowen says: "咳 means an infant laughing; 咳 means very young." The Liji says: "When the heir is three months old, the father takes the son's hand, chuckles [咳], and names him"—this is it. In the treatise text it is written with the woman radical as 姟; the Zilin gives fanqie: 古才 [gāi]: "姟 is a vast number"; 姟 is not used in this sense. 嫛 has the sound 烏奚 fanqie [yī]; 婗 is 五奚 fanqie [ní]).

46.9

Suckle and feed [乳哺] (fanqie: 蒲路 [bù]; 哺 means to feed by holding mouthfuls. Xu Shuzhong says: "Chewing food in the mouth." In the treatise text it is written as 餔, which is the same as 晡, fanqie: 補胡 [bū]; the Sancang says: "The evening meal," meaning the meal at the hour of the monkey [申時]. 餔 does not carry this meaning [here]).

46.10

Lumbinī [嵐毘] (fanqie: 力含 [lán]; also written as 流彌尼 [Liumini]. Here it is translated as "Place of Liberation," also called "Extinction," also called "Severance").

46.11

Sport and play [嬉戲] (also written as 僖, both fanqie: 虛之 [xī]; the Shuowen says: "僖 means joy." The Cang Jie pian says: "嬉戲 means laughing and playing." The Erya says: "戲 means jesting." Guo Pu says: "Jesting and sporting").

46.12

Employ and attend [𦨕御] (fanqie: 扶福 [fú]; the Shuowen says: "𦨕 means to use." The Erya says: "𦨕 means to equalise." Guo Pu says: "𦨕御 means to cause to be equal and uniform." 御 is ancient for 馭, fanqie: 魚據 [yù]; the Guangya says: "御 means to advance, to attend." Cai Yong's Duduan says: "Whenever clothing is put on the body, food and drink enter the mouth, and consorts are received in bed chambers, all are called 御. Those whom the emperor personally loves are called 御." The Shiming says: "御 means to tell: when a superior desires something, he first tells them. It also refers to their lowly position, who are reined and driven by superiors just as one drives oxen and horses").

46.13

Offend and encroach [唐突] (the graphs are also written as 搪揬, both fanqie: 徒郎 [táng] and 徒骨 [tū]; the Guangya says: "To collide and rush against; 搪 means to crash into, 揬 means to dash against." The Zishu says: "揬 means to rub against").

46.14

Kick and trample [蹴蹋] (the first is fanqie: 千六 [cù], the second is fanqie: 徒盍 [tà]; stomping backwards with the feet is called 蹴; the Shuowen says: "蹋 means to tread upon." The Guangya says: "蹋 means to step upon").

46.15

Just born [適生] (the Shuowen gives fanqie: 尸赤 [shì]; the Guangya says: "祇 means 適"; it means recently, newly).

46.16

Not manifest [不彰] (also written as 暲, both fanqie: 灼羊 [zhāng]; the Guangya says: "彰 means clear, prominent; it also means to display").

46.17

Fascicle Two

46.18

Not leaning [不倚] (fanqie: 於蟻 [yǐ]; the Guangya says: "倚 means to rely upon," meaning to lean on and rely on things. Also pronounced 渠蟻 fanqie [qǐ], meaning to stand leaning).

46.19

Without blame [無咎] (fanqie: 渠九 [jiù]; the Shijing says: "Some are fearful and dread blame [咎]," where 咎 is like crime and fault. The Guangya says: "咎 means evil." The Shuowen says: "咎 means calamity. The graph is composed of 'person' [人] and 'divergent' [各]; when people diverge from one another, crimes and faults are formed. Furthermore, when two people are of one mind, their sharpness can cut through metal; when two people diverge, their misfortune becomes calamity." In ancient script, it was taken as the graph gao in Gaoyao [皐繇]).

46.20

You all [汝曹] (also written as 𣍘, both fanqie: 自勞 [cáo]; the Shiji says: "More than ten 曹 followed him"; Ru Chun says: "曹 means peers, class." The Shijing says: "Then auspicious were their 曹"; the commentary says: "曹 means flock, company").

46.21

Tutors and guardians [師保] (in ancient script it has three forms: 賲, 𰠀, and 𠍂, all fanqie: 補道 [bǎo]; the Liji says: "When going out, one has a guardian; when coming in, one has a tutor." 保 means peace, meaning to bring peace to people with the Dao; 保 means to protect. The Shuowen says: "保 means to nurture").

46.22

Deceitful names [詭名] (fanqie: 俱毀 [guǐ]; meaning deceitful change; as in Kuqidu, 'deceitful' [詭] is Guanxi dialect).

46.23

Chance upon [偶得] (fanqie: 吾苟 [ǒu]; the Erya says: "偶 means to meet." Guo Pu says: "To encounter by chance").

46.24

Lightning flash [掣電] (fanqie: 充世 [chè]; 掣電 refers to the dazzling flare of the yin and yang clashing. The Shiming says: "電 means 𱥃 [lightning flash]; it means it is seen for an instant and instantly vanishes." The Shizhou ji says: "The two eyes of a fierce beast are like the brilliance of 䃱磹 [lightning]. Now in Wu, lightning is called 䃱磹, pronounced with the fanqie 息念 [xiàn] and 大念 [dàn]. In the Sanfu region, it is called similar to lightning").

46.25

Hailstorm [雹雨] (fanqie: 蒲角 [báo]; the Baihu tong says: "Hail [雹] is derived from the word 'congeal' [合]; the yin qi gathers its essence and congeals together to become hail." Zheng Xuan's commentary on the Liji says: "When yang arises for yin, the vapor congeals and becomes hail." The Shiming says: "雹 [báo] means to trample [跑]; whatever it strikes is broken and snapped as if kicked and trampled [跑] by a person"; 跑 has the fanqie 父學 [páo]).

46.26

Suddenly fall [驟墮] (fanqie: 仕救 [zhòu]; the Guoyu says: "Promptly rescue from collapse in due time"; Jia Kui says: "驟 means swift").

46.27

Wail and weep [號咷] (fanqie: 徒勞 [táo]; in our note, 號咷 means weeping loudly. The Yijing says: "First wailing and weeping, then laughing"—this is it).

46.28

Split open [剖裂] (fanqie: 暜厚 [pǒu]; in our note, 剖 is like breaking open; dividing down the middle is 剖. Cang Jie says: "剖 means 𡍩"; 𡍩 has the fanqie 丑百 [chāi], meaning to tear open).

46.29

Comet [彗星] (fanqie: 蘇酥 [sū] and 囚芮 [ruì]; a broom star, meaning the star's light resembles a broom [彗]).

46.30

Groaning in grief [噢咿] (the first character is fanqie 乙六 [yù], the second 於祁 [yī]; the Picang says: "噢咿 means inner sorrow," referring to the sound of sorrowful yearning. In the treatise text it is written with the two graphs 喐郁, which are not the correct forms).

46.31

Ravines and valleys [谿谷] (fanqie: 苦奚 [xī] and 古木 [gǔ]; the Erya says: "Water pouring into a stream is called 谿 [ravine]." Li Xun says: "Water coming out of a mountain and entering a stream is called 谿." The Shuowen says: "A spring connecting to a stream is called 谷 [valley]").

46.32

Gaṇḍī [揵椎] (a struck piece of wood. In Sanskrit it is *ghaṇṭā* [健椎]; there is no exact Chinese translation. In our note, older translations of scripture mostly wrote it as 健遲; this too is merely a corrupt sound change from the Sanskrit).

46.33

Selected out [選得] (two fanqie: 先兖 [xiǎn] and 先絹 [xuàn]; the Zilin says: "選 means to select and choose").

46.34

Four layers [四疊] (fanqie: 徒頰 [dié]; the Cang Jie pian says: "疊 means repeated, layered." In the treatise text it is also written as 褺, pronounced the same as 疊; the Shuowen says: "Layered garments. To the south there is a Diejiang County." The two graphs are written interchangeably).

46.35

Turbid and muddled [渾濁] (two fanqie: 後昆 [hún] and 後䘱 [hùn]; 渾 means chaotic. The Shuowen says: "渾 means dirty; it is also the sound of flowing water").

46.36

Ox chewing cud [牛䶗] (also written as 齝; the Sancang writes 𪗺; the Shijing commentary writes 呞, all fanqie: 丑之 [chī]; the Yunji gives the pronunciation 式之 fanqie [shī]; the Erya says: "The ox chewing is called 䶗." Guo Pu says: "Having eaten, it brings it out again and chews it").

46.37

Vast and open [廓然] (fanqie: 口郭 [kuò]; the Guangya says: "廓 means empty." The Fangyan says: "To expand the small to make it large is called 廓." The Erya says: "廓 means great." Sun Yan says: "廓 means stretching it wide").

46.38

Knock at the door [敲門] (also written as 毃; the Cang Jie pian writes [翹-羽+ㄆ], all fanqie: 苦交 [qiāo]; it means striking downwards. The Shuowen says: "A horizontal strike; to hit on the head").

46.39

Piṭaka [蜫勒] (fanqie: 古魂 [kūn]; translated here as 'basket' or 'storehouse' [piṭaka]).

46.40

Fascicle Three

46.41

Snake sucking [虵欶] (also written as 嗽, both fanqie: 山角 [shuò]; the Tongsu wen says: "To draw in and suck is called 嗽." The Sancang says: "欶 means to suckle." The Shiming says: "欶 means urgent, applying force urgently and swiftly." In the sūtra text it is written as 𡂡, which is a vulgar character).

46.42

Vidyācaraṇa-saṃpanna [鞞侈] (the first has the fanqie 陛奚 [bì], the second 昌是 [chǐ]; in the Qin language this is rendered as "Endowed with Knowledge and Conduct" [Vidyācaraṇa-saṃpanna]. According to the characters, 鞞 is a small drum; 侈 means extravagant, luxurious).

46.43

Lokavid [伽憊] (also written in the two forms [瘩-合+(ㄆ/田)] and [巾*(茖-口+田)], both fanqie: 蒲戒 [bài]; in the King Ajātaśatru Sūtra it is translated as "Knower of the World" [Lokavid]. According to the characters, it means weary and weak; the Tongsu wen says: "Extremely exhausted is called [佫-口+思]"—this is it).

46.44

Śāstā [舍喃] (the orthodox graph is 諵, fanqie: 女函 [nán]; translated here as "human" [or teacher: *śāstā devamanuṣyāṇām*]. According to the character, the Picang says: "諵 is the sound of speaking").

46.45

Black mole [黑黶] (fanqie: 於簟 [yǎn]; meaning a black mole on the face. The Shuowen says: "A black mole in the middle." In the treatise text it is written as 黯, with two fanqie: 於感 [ǎn] and 於斬 [ǎn]; the Shuowen says: "Deep black is 黯"; 黯 is not the meaning of the character here).

46.46

Circulate and cycle [循環] (fanqie: 似均 [xún]; meaning to revolve, go and return. The Erya says: "適, 遵, 率, and 循 mean 'from'." Guo Pu says: "It also means to patrol." 循 also means to make rounds, to be universal).

46.47

Multiply and thrive [蕃息] (fanqie: 輔表 [fán]; the Shangshu says: "The many grasses flourished [蕃] and grew rank"; Kong Anguo says: "蕃 means flourishing, meaning flourishing and multiplying." The Zhouli says: "To multiply the birds and beasts"; Zheng Xuan says: "蕃 means to multiply." The Shiming says: "息 means full, meaning things flourish and multiply, filling up." Now in China multiplying and thriving is called 嬔息; 嬔 has the fanqie 亡万 [wàn]. Zhou Cheng's Nanzhi says: "嬔 means to multiply; giving birth at the same time is called a litter [嬔], and it is also written with this character").

46.48

Scrape and brush [𠜜刷] (also written as 刷, both fanqie: 所劣 [shuā]; the Shuowen says: "刷 means to wipe clean." The Guangya says: "刷 means to scrape [𠜜]." The Erya says: "刷 means to clean." Guo Pu says: "Sweeping and brushing are that by which one cleans").

46.49

Exhausted and empty [罄竭] (in ancient script 𠜜, both fanqie: 可定 [qìng]; the Shuowen says: "Empty within a vessel." The Erya says: "罄 means exhausted." Sun Yan says: "The exhaustion of 罄竭").

46.50

Fascicle Four

46.51

Late afternoon [晡時] (fanqie: 補胡 [bū]; the Huainanzi says: "When the sun reaches Beigu, it is the hour of bu [晡時]," meaning the hour of the monkey [申時]).

46.52

Knock open [扣開] (fanqie: 祛後 [kòu]; the Guangya says: "扣 means to raise." The Lunyu says: "With a staff he knocked [扣] his shins"; Kong Anguo says: "扣 means to strike").

46.53

Plant trees [植樹] (also written as 樹, both fanqie: 時軄 [zhí]; the Zhouli says: "Planting trees should be done early"; Zheng Xuan says: "植 is like the category of things that grow from roots. Furthermore, 植 means to plant [樹]." The Fangyan says: "植 means to set upright").

46.54

Hesitating [猶豫] (fanqie: 戈又 [yòu] and 弋周 [yù]; in our note, the Shuowen says: "In Longxi, a dog pup is called 猶; by nature a 猶 is constantly wary ahead of humans, hence all who are irresolute are said to be 猶豫." Furthermore, the Erya says: "The 猶 is like a muntjac, good at climbing trees." Guo Pu says: "Robust at climbing trees." A certain scholar says: "It climbs trees like a bird").

46.55

Disturbance and turmoil [勞擾] (fanqie: 如沼 [rǎo]; the Shuowen says: "擾 means vexatious." The Guangya says: "擾 means turmoil").

46.56

Fascicle Five

46.57

Ladle out [抒大] (two fanqie: 除呂 [zhù] and 時汝 [shù]; the Shuowen says: "抒 means to scoop out; scooping and ladling." The Guangya says: "抒 means to empty." The Tongsu wen says: "Drawing out water is called 抒").

46.58

Bridle and reins [𱺍勒] (fanqie: 碑愧 [bèi]; the Zishu says: "A horse's halter, that by which one restrains and controls horses and carriages." The Shiming says: "𱺍 means contrary; pulling and tugging against it to restrain the horse." The graph is composed of 'silk' [絲] with 𨊥 as phonetic. 勒 is the bit and bridle on a horse's head; the Shiming says: "勒 means to encircle; encircling its head to lead it").

46.59

Pure and good [純淑] (fanqie: 時均 [chún]; the Shangshu says: "Government affairs should be only pure [純]"; Kong Anguo says: "純 means unadulterated, meaning dedicated, refined, and uniform." The Erya says: "純 means great." The Fangyan says: "純 means good." 淑 has the fanqie 時六 [shū]; the Shijing commentary says: "淑 means fine, good." It is sometimes written as 熟; the Fangyan says: "熟 means well-cooked").

46.60

Thigh flesh [股肉] (also written as 骰, both fanqie: 公戶 [gǔ]; the Shuowen says: "股 means the thigh").

46.61

Close kin [內慼] (also written as 憾, both fanqie: 且的 [qī]; the Guangya says: "[慼-小+(人*人)] means near." The Shijing says: "Close [慼慼] are the brothers"; the commentary says: "Mutually affectionate").

46.62

Pulling up and praising [板稱] (also written in the two forms 攀 and 化, both fanqie: 普姦 [pān] and 布姦 [bān]; the Zilin says: "板 means to pull." The Guangya says: "板 means to draw up." The Shiming says: "攀 [climb] means to turn over, speaking of turning upwards repeatedly").

46.63

Five pustules (五皰: [皰 is] mǎn + xiào fanqie. The Shuowen says: '皰 means qi arising on the face.' The Huainanzi says: 'Breaking a small pustule and developing an ulcer.' Written as [亶*包]. The treatise's text writes the two forms 䶌 and 疱, whose sources have not been seen).

46.64

Eyelashes (眼䀹: also written as 睫; the Shiming writes 迍; all are zǐ + yè fanqie. The Shuowen says: 'The hair beside the eye.' The Shiji says: 'Seeing the fine hairs of the eye yet not seeing the eyelashes'—this is it).

46.65

Curtain (帷帳: the ancient script for 違 is the same; yú + zhuī fanqie. The Zilin says: 'What is at the side is called a wéi (帷),' meaning hanging silk to screen the sides. The Shiming says: 'Wéi (帷) means wéi (圍, surround),' meaning surrounding with cloth. Nowadays all write it as 幃).

46.66

Tent canopy (幄幔: yī + jiǎo fanqie. Wò (幄) refers to a large tent. The Xiao Erya says: 'A covered tent is called a wò (幄); a wò is a curtain-tent (幕)').

46.67

Leaping small (趒小: also written as 趠; both are tā + diào fanqie; meaning hopping and jumping. The Yunji says: '趒 means to leap over; also to hang and leap.' The treatise's text writes 踔, with two fanqie of chì + gé and chì + jiǎo; a lame person walks limping and stumbling; 踔 is not the meaning of the treatise).

46.68

Merchant (賈人: gōng + hù fanqie; selling while sitting. The Zhouli says: 'Traveling merchants (𮚘) and stationary merchants (賈).' Zheng Xuan's commentary states: 'Those who travel are called 𮚘; those who dwell [in a shop] are called 賈.' The Baihu tong says: '賈 sounds like gù (固, hold fast); holding fast to goods and waiting for people to come in order to seek profit from them').

46.69

Fascicle Six

46.70

Helou (呵膢: ancient script for 樓 is the same; lì + hòu fanqie. According to the character, the Sancang says: 'Name of an eighth-month sacrifice.' In the sūtra text, some write 樓).

46.71

Zhīluó (忮羅: zhī + chì fanqie. According to the character, the commentary to the Shijing says: '忮 means to harm.' The Shuowen says: '忮 means resentment').

46.72

Irrigate (溉灌: gē + lài fanqie. The Shuowen says: 'Irrigate (灌溉) means to pour').

46.73

Hesitant in speech (訥口: also written as 吶; both are nǔ + gǔ fanqie. The Lunyu says: 'The gentleman wishes to be slow in his speech (訥於言).' Bao Xian says: '訥 means sluggish and slow.' The Shuowen says: '訥 means difficult').

46.74

Enemy (怨仇: qú + niú fanqie. The commentary to the Shijing says: 'A resentful partner is called a chóu (仇).' The Erya says: 'Chóu and chóu (仇讎) mean an adversary/counterpart.' Li Xun says: '仇讎 means an adversary in enmity').

46.75

Not leveled (不槩: ancient script for 扢 is the same; [護-雈+ㄊ] + ài fanqie; the Zilin has gōng + nèi fanqie; referring to the strickle that levels a bushel or peck measure. The Guangya says: '槩 means to measure; to level').

46.76

Fascicle Seven

46.77

Pale blue color (縹色: pǐ + rào fanqie; referring to sky-pale-blue, like the bluish-white color of silk. The Shiming says: 'Piǎo (縹) is like piāo (漂,漂漂, drifting/light);漂漂 is a light bluish-green color. There is jasper-piǎo, red-piǎo, and green-piǎo, each named after what its color resembles').

46.78

Overcast and gloomy (陰曀: ancient script 㙪 is the same; yú + jì fanqie. The Shijing says: 'A ceaseless wind and gloomy (曀).' The commentary says: 'Cloudy and windy is called yì (曀).' The Shiming says: 'Yì (曀) means obscured (翳); meaning cloudy air dims and obscures the sunlight, making it dim').

46.79

Gums (齗齒: niú + jīn fanqie. The Cangjie pian says: 'The root of the teeth.' The Shuowen says: 'The flesh of the teeth').

46.80

Fire cinder (火㷮: zǐ + láo fanqie. The Shuowen says: '㷮 means scorched.' The Cangjie pian says: 'Remnants of burnt wood').

46.81

Stroke by hand (手捫: two fanqie of mò + kūn and mò + běn. The Shenglei says: '捫 means to touch.' The Zilin says: 'To caress and hold.' Examining this: 捫 means to take hold of an object).

46.82

Trample upon (蹈𨈁: tú + dào and zì + yì fanqie. The Guangya says: '蹈 means to walk.' The Zishu says: '𨈁 means to trample.' The Shiming says: '蹈 is [cognate to] dào (道, path); treading with the feet as on a path. 𨈁 is [cognate to] jí (籍, mat); like putting feet on a mat.' The treatise's text writes 籍 as in lángjí (狼籍, disarray); 籍 is not the proper character form).

46.83

Fascicle Eight

46.84

Eldest and second brothers (伯仲: referring to brothers. The Erya says: 'Bó (伯) is the eldest.' Sheren says: 'Bó is the senior in position.' The Han Shi says: 'Zhòng (仲) is middle; meaning the position is in the middle.' The Liji says: 'When young one is named; at capping one is styled; at fifty one is addressed by bó or zhòng—this was the Zhou practice.' The Shiming says: 'Bó (伯) is bǎ (把, to hold); holding the administration of the household').

46.85

Jina (罽那: jū + lì fanqie. In the Qin language it means 'Treasure Accumulation' (Ratnakūṭa). Some editions of the sūtra write cìnuó (刺那, with lì + kuí fanqie); now we follow 刺).

46.86

Fascicle Nine

46.87

Dragon coiling (龍蟠: pú + hán fanqie. The Liji says: 'And coils (蟠) upon the earth.' Zheng Xuan says: '蟠 means to wind around.' The Guangya says: '蟠 means crooked/bent').

46.88

Wild and prudish (狂狷: ancient script forms are 思 and [彳*(ㄙ/月)]; nowadays written as 獧; all are jù + miàn fanqie. The wild (狂) press forward to the good Way; the prudish (狷) maintain moral integrity and refrain from action).

46.89

Rice-water sediment (潘澱: the Cangjie pian writes 潘; shù + [去/水] fanqie; it is rice water. The Shuowen says: '番 is the liquid from washing rice; 淅 is pronounced sū + lì fanqie. North of the Yangtze it is called gān (泔); south of the Yangtze it is called pān (潘).' 澱 has the ancient script form [黑*展]; tú + jiàn fanqie. The Erya says: 'Sediment (澱) is called [(卬-ㄗ+斤)/土].' Guo Pu says: '澱 is dregs. East of the Yangtze it is called [(卬-ㄗ+斤)/土].' The treatise's text writes 淀, as in newly formed water; also a pool that is shallow is called a diàn (淀); diàn is not this meaning. [(卬-ㄗ+斤)/土] is pronounced yú + jìn fanqie; 淀 is pronounced like diàn (殿)').

46.90

Kneel upright (長跽: ancient script 踑 is the same; two fanqie of qí + jǐ and qí + yǐ. The Shuowen says: '跽 means to kneel upright.' The Shiming says: 'Jì (跽) is jì (忌, dread/respect); seeing one whom one reveres and dreads, not daring to remain at ease').

46.91

Fascicle Ten

46.92

Dī mansion (氐宿: two fanqie of dīng + jì and dōu + lǐ. The Erya says: 'The Heavenly Root is Dī.' The Yinyi says: 'The Heavenly Root serves as the root for all things under Heaven, hence it is called the Heavenly Root.' Sun Yan says: 'Jiǎo and Kàng are tied below to Dī, just as a tree has roots').

46.93

Kuí mansion (奎宿: kǒu + xié fanqie. The Erya says: 'Jianglou comprises Kuí and Lóu.' Li Xun says: 'Jianglou is the mansion of the White Tiger').

46.94

Zuī mansion (觜宿: zǐ + yí fanqie. The Erya says: 'The mouth of Juzi comprises Yingshi and Dongbi.' Sun Yan says: 'When lamenting Juzi, the mouth opens squarely; the four stars of Yingshi and Dongbi form a square like a mouth, and are thus named from it').

46.95

Skull (髑髏: ancient script forms are 䫳 and 䫫; both are tú + mù and lì + hòu fanqie; head bones).

46.96

Tattered garments (襤褸: ancient script 懢, also written as 襤; same as lì + gān. Lánlǚ (襤褸) refers to ruined clothes; generally, a person's ugly and worn-out clothing and bedding is also called lánlǚ. The treatise's text writes 藍, the dyeing herb; 藍 is not the present meaning).

46.97

Elephant stable (象廄: ancient script forms are 凰 and [句-口+((占/止)*殳)]; both are jū + yòu fanqie. The Shuowen says: 'A shelter for horses.' The Shiming says: 'Jiù (廄) is jiū (鳩, gather); where oxen and horses are gathered.' The Zhouli says: 'Two hundred and fourteen horses make a jiù, and the jiù has stable grooms'—this is it).

46.98

Fleeing horse (逸馬: ancient script 軼 is the same; yú + 筫 fanqie. The Guangya says: '逸 means to run away; to bolt; to gallop freely').

46.99

Pound and press (搥壓: also written as 磓; dīng + huí fanqie; meaning to strike down. The Guangya says: '搥 means to hit.' Yà (壓) is yú + jiǎ fanqie; pressing down from above. The Shuowen says: '壓 means to crush.' The treatise's text mostly writes 𰏳. The Tongsu wen says: 'When things are about to be destroyed it is called 𰏳.' Cūzhī (虘𰏳) is not this meaning; 虘 is shì + jiā fanqie).

46.100

Flog and interrogate (考掠: ancient script forms are 剠 and 䝶; both are lì + shàng fanqie. The Cangjie pian says: '掠 means to interrogate,' referring to flogging and beating to cross-examine people).

46.101

Door latch (戶排: pú + jiāi fanqie; referring to the wooden bolt that opens a door, like a door hook, etc. Also, every door latch has a tally tablet placed on it; after his meal, the Buddha inspects the tallies while inspecting the various monks' rooms).

46.102

Jiandǐ (揵抵: two fanqie of zhí + jī and dōu + lí; translated it means 'to continue').

46.103

Treat relatives as relatives (親親: qiě + lín fanqie. The Liji says: 'Loving relatives progresses from three to five, and from five to nine.' The Cangjie pian says: '親 means to love; to be near.' The Shuowen says: '親 means to reach/arrive.' The Shiming says: '親 is chèn (𭣋); meaning intimately assisting one another').

46.104

Tranquil (倓然: tú + kàn fanqie. The Cangjie pian says: '倓 means quiet.' The Shuowen says: '倓 means peaceful.' The Guangya says: '倓 means tranquil'; meaning placid and non-active).

46.105

Dismissed and (黜而: nowadays written as 絀; chì + lǜ fanqie. The Zuo zhuan says: 'Let there be no dismissal or slight.' Du Yu says: '黜 means to banish.' The Guangya says: '黜 means to remove.' The Shangshu says: 'After three evaluations, dismissing and promoting.' Fan Ning's Jijie says: '黜 means to demote').

46.106

Thereby solemnly (以肅: sī + liù fanqie. The Shangshu says: 'None did not revere and respect (祗肅).' Kong Anguo says: 'Sù (肅) means solemn,' referring to words of strict urgency; 'sù also means to admonish,' admonishing and instructing).

46.107

Ward off the cold (御寒: ancient script 敔 is the same; yú + jǔ fanqie. The Guangya says: '禦 means to stop.' The Shijing says: 'A defense (禦) against a hundred men.' The commentary says: '禦 means to withstand.' The Erya says: '禦 and yǔ (圉) mean to forbid.' Sheren says: '禦 and 圉 mean to guard against something before it occurs.' The treatise's text sometimes writes 禦. The Mao Shijing also has 'to ward off (禦) winter.' The commentary says: '御 is 禦.' Both forms may be used indifferently).

46.108

Weeds and mustard (草芥: gē + mài fanqie; an herb. The Zuo zhuan says: 'Viewing the people as dirt and weeds (芥).' The Hanshu says: 'Bowing to the ground to pick up a weed'—all are like this).

46.109

Fascicle Eleven

46.110

Camp followers (營從: ancient script 覮 is the same; yì + qióng fanqie. The Cangjie pian says: '營 means guard.' 營 also means a division/corps).

46.111

Pay homage to court (朝宗: the Zhouli says: 'Appearing in spring is called cháo; appearing in summer is called zōng.' Zheng Xuan says: 'These describe feudal lords paying homage to the Son of Heaven. Cháo (朝) is like morning (朝), desiring that they come early. Zōng (宗) is like venerate (尊)').

46.112

Able to tear apart (能擗: bǔ + gé fanqie. The Shuowen says: '擗 means to tear'; to tear apart. The Guangya says: '擗 means to divide.' The treatise's text writes 躃, bǔ + chì fanqie; 躃 means lame. It is also written as 𤢣, pǐ + chì fanqie; meaning wicked and crooked. Neither character form is suitable for this usage).

46.113

Fascicle Twelve

46.114

Bestow as a gift (贈遺: yú + jì fanqie. The Guangya says: '遺 means to give'; meaning presenting curious playthings to someone is called zèngyí (贈遺)).

46.115

Far and distant (悠遠: yì + zhōu fanqie. The Guoyu says: 'The road is far and distant (悠遠).' Jia Kui says: '悠 means long.' The Erya says: '悠 means remote.' Sheren says: '悠 means traveling far').

46.116

Deep abscess (疽瘡: qiě + yú fanqie. The Shuowen says: '疽 is a chronic ulcer').

46.117

Stiff and sharp (勁利: jū + shèng fanqie. The Shuowen says: '勁 means strong.' The character form has the power radical 力 and the sound qíng (巠)').

46.118

Fascicle Thirteen

46.119

Jílì (姞利: qú + zhì fanqie; name of a dragon. According to the character, it was a surname in Southern Yan).

46.120

Bold and frank (豪爽: suǒ + liǎng fanqie. The Fangyan says: '爽 means fierce.' The Guangya says: '爽 means bright.' The character takes the dà (大) radical; an eminent person must shine with brightness, hence it takes 大).

46.121

Deeply attached (𦇞綣: qū + shàn and qū + ruǎn fanqie; like being entwined and inseparable).

46.122

Startled and disappointed (憮然: mò + yǔ fanqie. The Sancang says: 'The appearance of disappointment'; an expression of alarm and astonishment. The Lunyu says: 'The Master was startled and disappointed (憮然).' He Yan says: 'Because they did not understand his intent and criticized him.' The Hanshu says: '憮然 means intending to speak but not yet doing so').

46.123

Iron plate (䥫鍱: [for 鍱], yu and she fan; the Shuowen jiezi says: 'In Qi, a paperweight [or block] is called an iron plate (鍱)'; 鏶 is pronounced ji).

46.124

Strive earnestly (僶俛: wang and ren, wu and bian fan; it means [here taken as 'to give in marriage'], as in the Analects: 'He gave his daughter to him to wife').

46.125

A hair's breadth or infinitesimal fraction (毫𣯛: the ancient script has the two forms 𣯛 and 練; now written 𣮉; both are li and zhi fan; the 'Monograph on Harmonics and the Calendar' of the Hanshu says: 'Without missing a single hair (毫) or fraction (𣯛)'; Meng Kang's commentary says: 'Hao (毫) is a hare's hair; ten hao make one 𣯛'; the Sancang says: '𣯛 means fine down'; the Treatise also writes 釐, pronounced xi; Wei Zhao's Hanshu yinyi says: 'Meat left over from sacrifices to ghosts and spirits is called 釐'; the Shuowen jiezi says: '釐 means household blessing'; they are also interchangeable as ancient characters).

46.126

Appropriately none (適無: [for 適], du and li fan; meaning mainly or properly fitting).

46.127

Storehouse of goodness (善府: [for 府], fu and yu fan; the Shuowen jiezi says: 'Fu means a storehouse'; the Sancang says: 'A fu is a storehouse for documents and property'; the Fengsu tong[yi] says: 'A fu is a gathering place, where dukes and ministers collect and keep documents and wealth').

46.128

Forests and marshlands (林藪: [for 藪], sang and hou fan; a marsh without water is called a sou; also refers to a large marsh with sparse water).

46.129

Resounding suddenly (翕響: [for 翕], hu and ji fan; 'Shu Capital Rhapsody' has 'resounding suddenly and flitting past (翕響揮霍)', where the commentary says: 'Meaning in an instant').

46.130

Exterminated (夷滅: [for 夷], yi and zhi fan; the Guangya says: 'Yi means to exterminate'; as in the Shiji: 'exterminating three kinship clans'; the Guoyu says: 'razed the stoves and filled the wells', where Jia Kui says: 'Yi means to destroy').

46.131

Accumulated goods (委物: [for 委], yu and gui fan; the Rites of Zhou says: 'A small amount is called wei; a large amount is called ji'; it means accumulation).

46.132

Lightly overflowing (輕泆: now also written 溢; yu and yi fan; water overflowing and rushing about).

46.133

Heroes and stalwarts (豪傑: ancient script is 𠢕; hu and gao fan; the second character is qi and zhe fan; the Huainanzi says: 'One whose wisdom surpasses a hundred men is called a hao; one who surpasses a thousand is called a jie'; considering this, hao is like an outstanding person; the Da Dai Liji says: 'Hao means a leader; jie means someone standing out prominently'; an eminent and outstanding person; it also means talent and ability; the Treatise writes 桀, but a chicken roosting on a stake is called a 桀, which is not this meaning).

46.134

Habitual pleasure (串樂: in ancient script written with the two forms 摜 and 遦; also written 慣; gu and huan fan; the Erya says: 'Chuan means to practice'; Sheren says: 'Chuan means mental habituation').

46.135

Fascicle Fourteen

46.136

Recruit people (募人: mo and gu, wu and ju, two fanqie; the Shuowen jiezi says: 'To seek widely'; the Cangjiepian says: 'To seek about').

46.137

Appeal to (控告: [for 控], ku and dong fan; the Classic of Poetry says: 'Appealing (控) to the great state', where the commentary says: 'Kong means to draw upon'; the Han Poetry commentary says: 'Kong means to rush to report').

46.138

Aid and rescue (賙救: now also written 周; zhi and you fan; giving wealth and goods to others is called zhou; the Rites of Zhou says: 'Five dang make a zhou, having them aid one another (相賙)', where Zheng Xuan says: 'Zhou means providing when ritual gifts are insufficient to make them complete'; the Classic of Poetry says: 'There is none who does not aid (賙)', where the commentary says: 'Zhou means to rescue'; the Jian commentary says: 'To pull out and rescue from urgency').

46.139

Small skiff (艇舟: [for 艇], tu and ding fan; the Fangyan says: 'In southern Chu, between the Yangtze and the lakes, a small boat (䑿) is called a ting'; Guo Pu says: 'A ting is a fast boat (𦩍)'; the Shiming says: 'A boat carrying over two hundred hu is called a ting'; 䑿 is si and liu fan; 𦩍 is pronounced diao).

46.140

Place securely (安措: [for 措], dan and gu fan; the Zilin says: 'Cuo means to place'; the Book of Rites says: 'The gentleman is enlightened in rites and music, and simply carries them out and puts them in place (措)', where Zheng Xuan says: 'Cuo is like to apply'; the Treatise writes 厝, ri and ge fan; the Shuowen jiezi says: 'Cuo means a grindstone; to whet'; the Classic of Poetry says: 'The stones of other hills can be used for whetstones (厝)'; 厝 is not the meaning for the Treatise).

46.141

Braving death ([曰/見]死: mo and le fan; the Shuowen jiezi says: '[曰/見] means to rush forward blindly'; the Guoyu says: 'The Rong and Di charge recklessly into destruction and are heedless and arrogant', where Jia Kui says: '[曰/見]沒 is like heedlessly clashing'; the character is composed of 曰 and 見; 曰 is mang and bao fan; now generally written [曰/月]; noting that 冐 is wang and bao fan; [曰/月] means to cover or obscure; [曰/月] also means greed).

46.142

Self-declining (自替: [for 替], ti and li fan; the Erya says: 'Ti means to discard'; Li Xun says: 'Ti means discarded by removal').

46.143

Stubborn and perverse (剛愎: [for 愎], fu and bi fan; the Zuo zhuan says: 'He refused admonitions and violated the divinations', where Du Yu's commentary says: 'Bi means perverse'; it also says: 'Strong, perverse, and unkind', bi meaning obstinate).

46.144

Fascicle Fifteen

46.145

Strive and encourage (勉勵: also written 勱; mi and bian fan; the Shuowen jiezi says: 'To exert oneself'; the second character is lü and zhi fan, meaning to encourage oneself).

46.146

Molten copper (洋銅: [for 洋], yi and liang fan; meaning heated until melted and liquefied, flowing vastly (洋洋); the Sancang says: 'Yang is the appearance of vast waters'; the Erya says: 'Yang means overflowing'; Guo Pu says: 'Overflowing and abundant').

46.147

Avoid hidden places (避隈: [for 避], pi and yi fan; the Shuowen jiezi says: 'Bi means to avoid and turn back'; the Cangjiepian says: 'Bi means to leave behind', meaning to stay far away from; [for 隈], wu and hui fan; the Shuowen jiezi says yi and you fan: 'A bay or secluded bend of water', meaning a concealed place; the Treatise writes 偎, wu and hui fan, meaning affection; 偎 is not this meaning).

46.148

Almost losing (幾失: [for 幾], qu and yi fan; ji means nearly, meaning nearly losing yet not losing).

46.149

Insects and creepy-crawlies (蜫蟲: ancient script 䖵; gu and hun fan; the Book of Rites says: 'Insects (蜫蟲) have not yet hibernated', Zheng Xuan says: 'Kun means illuminated; illuminated insects are those born in yang and hiding in yin'; the Xia xiaozheng says: 'Kun are tiny insects; kun means soul-stirring, referring to tiny insects swarming and moving').

46.150

Bore through and crawl over walls (穿窬: [for 窬], yu and zhu fan; the Sancang says: 'Yu is a small aperture beside a gate'; the Shuowen jiezi says: 'A water aperture bored beside a gate'; as in Dongfang Shuo's 'crawling through wall-holes instead of taking the path'; it is also pronounced tu and gou fan; the Book of Rites says: 'Wicker gates and jade-tablet-shaped hole-windows', Zheng Xuan says: 'Yu is a wall-hole beside a gate; pierced through the wall, its shape resembles a jade tablet'; the Treatise writes 踰, meaning to leap over or cross; 踰 is not the standard character).

46.151

Licentious and self-indulgent (婬佚: [for 佚], yu and yi fan; the Guangya says: 'Yi means pleasure'; the Cangjiepian says: 'Yi means dissipated').

46.152

Not harmonious (不睦: also written 穆; wang and zhu, mo and lu, two fanqie; the Book of Documents says: 'The nine degrees of kin were harmonious (既睦)', where Kong Anguo says: 'Mu means harmonious'; it also says: 'How can I maintain harmony?', where Kong Anguo says: 'Mu means respectful').

46.153

Deviant and depraved (邪僻: [for 僻], pi and chi fan; the Classic of Poetry says: 'The people are full of depravity (僻)', where the Jian commentary says: 'Pi means deviant'; considering this, pi refers to doing things deviantly and wrongfully contrary to reason).

46.154

Kiln operation (窯作: [for 窯], yu and zhao fan; the Shuowen jiezi says: 'A kiln for firing tiles'; the Tongsuwen says: 'A potter's kiln is called a yao').

46.155

Bewildered and indistinct (怳忽: ancient script has the two forms [丱/兄] and [慌-芒+云]; hu and huang fan; [慌-芒+云]忽 means to forget).

46.156

Patriarchal clan (宗族: [for 宗], zi and tong fan; that which is inherited; the Zilin says: 'Zong means revered, also head'; the Guangya says: 'Zong means root/origin'; the Chuci says: 'Those of the same surname are called zong'; [for 族], cong and lu fan; zu means lineage or category; the Rites of Zhou says: 'Four lü make a zu', Zheng Xuan says: 'One hundred families').

46.157

Fascicle Sixteen

46.158

Elegant and unflagging (斐亹: [for 斐], fu and wei fan; [for 亹], mang and fei fan; like 'having'; the Classic of Poetry says: 'There is the elegant (斐) gentleman', where the commentary says: 'Fei is the appearance of refinement'; the Book of Changes says: 'Accomplishing the unflagging diligence (亹亹) of the world', Liu Huan says: 'Wei is like fine and subtle').

46.159

Kneel upright (長跪: [for 跪], qi and gui fan; the Shenglei says: 'To kneel on both knees'; the Shiming says: 'Gui means perilous; resting both knees on the ground leaves the body upright and precarious'; 𨺙 is pronounced wu and jie fan).

46.160

Weak man (軟夫: various books write 耎; er and yan fan; the Hanshu has 'soft and weak, unable to bear responsibility', written as 軟).

46.161

Completely without (卒無: [for 卒], zi and lü fan; the Erya says: 'Zu means end'; Sheren says: 'Zu is the end of an affliction'; Li Xun says: 'Zu is the cessation of an affair').

46.162

Calm and tranquil (恬澹: [for 恬], tu and jian fan; [for 澹], tu and lan fan; the Fangyan says: 'Tian means quiet'; the Guangya says: 'Dan means peaceful').

46.163

Yawning wide (呿提: [for 呿], also written 㰦; qiu and shu fan; in the speech of Qin it means empty and vacant; according to character glosses, the Picang says: 'To open the mouth wide').

46.164

Then stumbled (則蹶: some write [躝-柬+(羊-干+十)]; ju and yue, ju and yue, two fanqie; the Shuowen jiezi says: 'Jue means to fall prostrate; prostrate means to fall backwards'; the Guangya says: 'Jue means defeat'; the Treatise writes 蹶, ancient script 躗; ju and wei, ju and yue, two fanqie; the Erya says: 'Jue means to move'; considering this, jue carries the sense of startled and hasty; 蹶 is not this).

46.165

Through twists and turns (間關: refers to reaching one's destination through arduous, rugged difficulties; it also means to set up or arrange).

46.166

Bold and daring (惈敢: [for 惈], gu and huo fan; the Guangya says: 'Guo means brave'; the Cangjiepian says: 'Guo means audacious; killing enemies is called guo'; the Erya says: 'Guo means to prevail'; Sun Yan says: 'Guo means prevailing through decisiveness'; now also written 果; han is pronounced hu and lan fan).

46.167

Fascicle Seventeen

46.168

Autumn harvest (秋穫: [for 穫], hu and guo fan; the Shuowen jiezi says: 'Huo means reaping grain'; Wang Yi's commentary on the Chuci says: 'Cutting wild plants is called yi; reaping cultivated grains is called huo').

46.169

Sly glance (嫈嫇: the Zilin gives yi and jing, mang and jing fan: the manner of the mind; also to look closely; the Treatise writes 𥌽胎, of which the provenance has not yet been found).

46.170

Yellow whiskers (黃髯: [for 髯], ru and lian fan; ran refers to whiskers on the cheeks; the Shiming says: 'The hair beside the cheeks and ears is called ran; moving along with the mouth, it shakes gently (髯髯)'; some copies of the Treatise have the character for 'hair' [髮]).

46.171

Scolded him (叱之: [for 叱], chi and yi fan; the Cangjiepian says: 'Chi means to shout reproaches at'; as in the Book of Rites: 'In front of an honoured guest, one does not scold dogs').

46.172

Hesitating and retreating (逡巡: [for 逡], qie and xun fan; the Erya says: 'Qun means to step back'; Guo Pu says: 'Qunxun means stepping backwards in hesitation').

46.173

Blazing and glittering (煜爚: [for 煜], you and tao fan; [for 爚], yi and zhuo fan; the Shuowen jiezi says: 'Yu means radiant brilliance; yue means firelight'; the Guangya says: 'Yu means blazing'; the Picang says: 'Yu is the appearance of abundant brightness'; the Treatise writes 昱, meaning bright; and 爍, shi and zhuo fan, same as 鑠, meaning to melt; neither has this meaning).

46.174

Handcuffs and fetters (桎梏: [for 桎], zhi and shi fan; [for 梏], gong and wu fan; the Rites of Zhou says: 'The Supervisor of Prisoners puts in handcuffs and fetters (桎梏) all prisoners with medium offenses', where Zheng Xuan says: 'Manacles on the hands are called zhi; fetters on the feet are called gu').

46.175

Glancing sideways (迴眄: [for 眄], ming and jian fan; the Shuowen jiezi says: 'To look askance'; the Fangyan says: 'West of the Pass, between Qin and Jin, it is called mian').

46.176

Piled up and accumulated (填積: ancient script is 窴; tu and jian fan; tian means filled up; the Guangya says: 'Tian means obstructed/filled').

46.177

Afflicted by nightmare (即厭: [for 厭], yi and yan fan; the Ziyuan says: 'Ill omens during sleep'; the Cangjiepian says: 'Subduing and suppressing the human mind is called yan'; in Shandong pronounced yi and ye fan; the Shuowen jiezi says: 'Yan means to match/suppress'; the character is written with the radical 厂, pronounced he and qie fan).

46.178

Roasting and boiling (𤑏煑: ancient script has the two forms [偪/心] and [(大/禾)*(ㄆ/田)]; fu and bi fan; the Fangyan says: '𤑏 means drying by fire; west of the Pass, past Long and Ji, it is called 𤑏'; the Shuowen jiezi says: 'Drying meat with fire is called 𤑏').

46.179

Fascicle Eighteen

46.180

Put into the privy (著圂: [for 圂], hu and dun fan; the Shuowen jiezi says: 'Hun means a latrine'; the Cangjiepian says: 'Where pigs dwell; the character is composed of 囗 with a pig (豕) inside, giving its meaning'; the Treatise writes 溷, which means turbid or chaotic; 溷 is not the standard character).

46.181

Detain and stay (稽留: [for 稽], gu and xi fan; the Zilin says: 'Ji means to delay; ji means to halt').

46.182

Hanging rope (懸繩: the Treatise mostly writes 鉉, hu and da fan, meaning the ring handles to lift a tripod; 鉉 is not used here; for the character 繩, its provenance in the text has not yet been found).

46.183

Nengjue 能決 ([the latter is pronounced with the] fanqie 閨恱 [guī + yuè/*kjuet/jué]. The Shuowen says: 'Downward flow; also to breach and drain').

46.184

Lao 烙 ([pronounced with the] fanqie 羅各 [luó + gè/*lâk/lào], meaning to apply heat by broiling or boiling things; in the treatise text it is written as 爍, [with the] fanqie 式灼 [shì + zhuó/*śjak/shuò], meaning to melt; 爍 is not the correct word sense).

46.185

Jiwu 鷄鶩 ([the latter is pronounced with the] fanqie 莫族 [mò + zú/*muk/mù]. The Erya says: 'The shufu 舒鳧 is the wu 鶩.' Guo Pu's commentary says: 'That is, a duck.' Li Xun says: 'The wild is called fu 鳧, and the domestic is called wu 鶩; another name is shufu 舒鳧.' Master Mou says: 'Being in the wild, its wings unfold to fly far, hence called [shufu]').

46.186

Zongju 㭰距 (now written as 𠲿, identical, [pronounced with the] fanqie 子累 [zǐ + lèi/*tziě/zǐ]. The Guangya says: 'Zong 㭰 means mouth.' Character dictionaries say: 'A bird's bill; sometimes written as 觜.' In the treatise text it is written as 𭉨; searching the various scriptures and histories, there is no such character, except in Fu Yi's Seven Manifestations, which says: '...𭉨-ing clay and drinking from springs,' where it is written with this character, pronounced with the fanqie 徐耎 [xú + ruǎn/*ziuæn/ruǎn]; 𭉨 is not the correct sense of the character. For ju 距, the ancient script has the two identical forms 詎 and 岠, with the two fanqie readings 居呂 [jū + lǚ/*kio/jǔ] and 渠呂 [qú + lǚ/*gio/jù]. The Shuowen says: 'The spur of a rooster's foot').

46.187

Qifeng 蚑蜂 ([the former is pronounced with the] fanqie 巨儀 [jù + yí/*gie/qí]. The Tongsu wen says: 'Seeking with vanity is called qimu 蚑蚞.' In the region west of the Pass, the qiushou [求/田]溲 is called qimu 蚑蚞. The pronunciation of [求/田] is qiu [求]; shou 溲 is pronounced with the fanqie 所誅 [suǒ + zhū/*ṣiu/shū]. The Shenglei says: 'A many-legged insect').

46.188

Xiuwu 鵂鶩 ([the former is pronounced with the] fanqie 許牛 [xǔ + niú/*hiəu/xiū]. The Erya says: 'The guaichi 怪䲭.' Sheren says: 'One name is

46.189

Jiajue 㹢玃 (the character form is 𤠙, or written as 猳, identical, pronounced jia 加. The second character has the two fanqie readings 居縛 [jū + fù/*kjak/jué] and 居碧 [jū + bì/*piek/bì]. The Shuowen says: 'A large female ape, skilled at looking around; jue 玃 seize and carry off humans.' The Erya says: 'The juefu 玃父 is skilled at looking around.' Guo Pu says: 'A jiajue 猳玃; it resembles a macaque but is larger, dark grey-black in color, skilled at seizing and carrying off humans, and fond of looking about.' The Gujin zhu says: 'After five hundred years, an ape transforms into a jue 玃.' The Baopuzi says: 'After eight hundred years, a macaque transforms into a jue 玃, having a lifespan of a thousand years,' which is this).

46.190

Taotie 饕餮 (in ancient script, the two forms 䬢 and 叨 are the same, [pronounced with the] fanqie 他高 [tā + gāo/*tʰâu/tāo]; the correct form is written as 飻, identical, [pronounced with the] fanqie 他結 [tā + jié/*tʰet/tiē]. The Shuowen says: 'Covetous.' The Zuo zhuan says: 'The Jinyun clan had an untalented descendant who was covetous of food and drink, greedy for wealth and goods, amassing and hoarding without knowing limit or bound; the people under heaven called him Taotie.' Du Yu says: 'Coveting wealth is called tao 饕; coveting food is called tie 餮').

46.191

Yanxian 眼陷 (the Chu ci has: 'Sunken and obstructed without crossing over.' Wang Yi says: 'Xian 陷 means sunken and submerged.' We note that xian 陷 is like a person falling into a pit. In the treatise text it is written as 𥇌; this should be close).

46.192

Dangdi 盪滌 (the ancient script has [浼-儿+(焉-正)], identical, [pronounced with the] fanqie 徒朗 [tú + lǎng/*dɑŋ/dàng]; the latter character has the fanqie 徒歷 [tú + lì/*diek/dí]. Dangdi 盪滌 refers to washing vessels. The Shangshu says: 'The nine rivers cleansed (di 滌) their sources.' Kong Anguo says: 'Di 滌 means to remove [filth]').

46.193

Tiechuan 鐵丳 (the Ziyuan gives the fanqie 初眼 [chū + yǎn/*tṣʰæn/chǎn]; this is the character chuan 丳 for modern roasted meat skewers. The Zilüe says: 'Piercing meat with fine skewers to roast it evenly.' In the treatise text it is written as 鏟, nowadays written as 剗; chan 剗 means to pare or scrape away).

46.194

Gualie 爴裂 (searching various character dictionaries, there is no such character; according to the meaning of the character, it should be jue 攫, [with the two fanqie readings] 居碧 [jū + bì/*kiek/jué] and 九縛 [jiǔ + fù/*kjak/jué]. The Shuowen says: 'To grasp with talons.' The Liji says: 'Clawed creatures seize (jue 攫) and grasp').

46.195

Pindu 拼度 (the ancient script has the two identical forms [革*平] and 鞞, [pronounced with the] fanqie 補耕 [bǔ + gēng/*pɛŋ/pēng]. Pin 拼 means snapping the ink-line).

46.196

Tuanjie 摶𢧵 ([the former is pronounced with the] fanqie 徒官 [tú + guān/*duân/tuán]. The Tongsu wen says: 'Rolling with the hands into a ball is called tuan 摶.' The Shuowen says: 'Tuan 摶 means round.' The Shenglei says: 'Tuan 摶 means to seize.' The Zilin gives tuan 摶 as the tuan 摶 of tuanzhu 摶[式-工+圭], pronounced with the fanqie 杜丸 [dù + wán/*duân/tuán]. In the treatise text it is written as chuai 揣, [with the two fanqie readings] 初委 [chū + wěi/*tṣʰwiě/chuǐ] and 都果 [dū + guǒ/*tuɑ/duǒ], meaning to measure or estimate; chuai 揣 is not the correct word sense or sound).

46.197

Liubo 六駮 ([the latter is pronounced with the] fanqie 補角 [bǔ + jiǎo/*pruk/bó]. The Erya says: 'The bo 駮 resembles a saw-horse, with serrated teeth, and eats tigers and leopards.' Sheren says: 'The bo 駮 is a beast of great strength.' The Shanhai jing says: 'On Mount Qu there is a beast shaped like a horse, with a white body, a black head, a single horn, tiger's claws, and a voice like a drum; its name is bo 駮; it eats tigers and leopards and can ward off weapons.' The Shijing says: 'In the marshlands there are six bo 駮,' which is this. In the third year of the Huangchu era of the Wei dynasty, six bo 駮 were seen twice in the wilderness).

Linked texts (1)

一切經音義 — 慧琳, Classical Chinese