續一切經音義 3.147

3.147

鄔波𬽓耶（鄔烏古反𬽓亭也反正梵語也舊云郁波弟耶此云近誦謂以弟子年小不離於師常近隨逐受經而誦也或翻為親教龜茲于闐等國訛云和闍或云鶻社今云和上本非梵語亦非唐言蓋䓗右諸國訛轉音耳也）。

鄔波𬽓耶 (鄔 has the fanqie wu + gu; 𬽓 has the fanqie ting + ye. This is correct Sanskrit. Formerly transliterated as yupo-diye [upādhyāya], it translates here as 'reciting nearby', referring to how a disciple, being young, does not leave the master, always staying close and following him to receive and recite the scriptures. It is also translated as 'personal instructor'. In countries such as Kucha and Khotan, it is corruptly pronounced as hezhe or hushe. The modern form heshang is fundamentally neither Sanskrit nor Chinese, but merely a corrupt pronunciation from the countries west of the Congling mountains).