續一切經音義 3.147

3.147

鄔波𬽓耶 (鄔 has the fanqie wu + gu; 𬽓 has the fanqie ting + ye. This is correct Sanskrit. Formerly transliterated as yupo-diye [upādhyāya], it translates here as 'reciting nearby', referring to how a disciple, being young, does not leave the master, always staying close and following him to receive and recite the scriptures. It is also translated as 'personal instructor'. In countries such as Kucha and Khotan, it is corruptly pronounced as hezhe or hushe. The modern form heshang is fundamentally neither Sanskrit nor Chinese, but merely a corrupt pronunciation from the countries west of the Congling mountains).