續一切經音義 8.21

8.21

鄔波駄耶 (the first character is ān + gǔ fanqie; or said as yupodiye, light and heavy Sanskrit sounds. This is translated as "close reciter," because the disciple, being young, does not part from the teacher, constantly following and drawing close to receive and recite. Upādhyāya is also translated as "personal instructor." Old translations render it as "one who knows offenses and lack of offenses," named héshang, or said as heshe, both being corrupt sound-changes from Khotan and other kingdoms; it was not originally the elegant speech of India).