翻譯名義集 1.250

1.250

【比丘尼】《善見》云：「尼者，女也。」《文句》云：「通稱女為尼。」《智論》云：「尼得無量律儀故，應次比丘。佛以儀法不便，故在沙門後。」比丘尼，稱阿姨師姨者，通慧《指歸》云：「阿平聲，即無遏音，蓋阿音轉為遏也。有人云：『以愛道尼，是佛姨故，傚喚阿姨。』今詳梵云阿梨夷，此云尊者，或翻聖者。今言阿姨，略也。《僧祗》云：『阿梨耶僧聽。』是也。《事鈔．尼眾篇》云：『《善見》佛初不度女人出家，為滅正法五百年；後為說八敬，聽出家，依教行故，還得千年。今時不行，隨處法滅。』《會正記》云：『佛成道後十四年，姨母求出家，佛不許度。阿難為陳三請，佛令慶喜傳八敬向說：若能行者，聽汝出家。彼云頂戴持。』言八敬者：一者、百歲比丘尼，見初受戒比丘，當起迎送，禮拜問訊，請令坐；二者、比丘尼不得罵謗比丘；三者、不得舉比丘罪，說其過失，比丘得說尼過；四者、式叉摩那，已學於戒，應從眾僧，求受大戒；五者、尼犯僧殘，應半月在二部僧中行摩那埵；六者、尼半月內，當於僧中求教授人；七者、不應在無比丘處夏安居；八者、夏訖，當詣僧中求自恣人。如此八法，應尊重恭敬讚歎，盡形不應違。今述頌曰：『禮不罵謗不舉過，從僧受戒行摩那，半月僧中求教授，安居近僧請自恣。』」

[Bhikṣuṇī] The Samantapāsādikā says: 'Nī means female.' The Wenju says: 'Female is universally called nī.' The Da zhidu lun says: 'Because a nun obtains measureless vinaya rules, she should be next to the bhikṣu. Because the Buddha considered social decorum inconvenient, she is placed behind the śramaṇas.' Regarding bhikṣuṇīs being called ayi ('aunt') or shiyi ('teacher-aunt'), Tonghui's Zhigui says: 'A is an even tone, having no e sound, for the sound of a shifted into e. Some say: "Because the nun Mahāprajāpatī was the Buddha's maternal aunt, they imitated calling her ayi." Now, examining it closely, Sanskrit says āryī, which here means "venerable one" or translates as "noble one." To say ayi now is an abbreviation. The Mahāsāṃghika Vinaya says: "Let the āryā saṅgha listen." This is it.' The Shichao's "Chapter on the Nun Assembly" says: 'The Samantapāsādikā states that the Buddha initially did not ordain women to renounce the household so that the true Dharma would not be destroyed after five hundred years; later, having spoken the eight gurudharmas and allowed them to renounce the household, because they practiced according to the teaching, it was restored to a thousand years. Today, because they do not practice them, the Dharma is destroyed everywhere.' The Huizheng ji says: 'Fourteen years after the Buddha attained enlightenment, his maternal aunt sought to renounce the household, but the Buddha did not grant permission to ordain her. Ānanda presented three requests on her behalf. The Buddha instructed Qingxi (Ānanda) to convey the eight gurudharmas to her, saying: "If you can practice these, I permit you to renounce the household." She said she would bear them upon her head and uphold them.' The eight gurudharmas are: first, a bhikṣuṇī of a hundred years, seeing a newly ordained bhikṣu, should rise, welcome and see him off, bow, inquire after him, and invite him to sit; second, a bhikṣuṇī must not scold or slander a bhikṣu; third, she must not bring up a bhikṣu's transgressions or speak of his faults, while a bhikṣu may speak of a nun's faults; fourth, a śikṣamāṇā who has trained in the precepts must seek ordination from the saṅgha of monks; fifth, a nun who commits a saṅghāvaśeṣa must undergo mānatva for half a month before both assemblies of the saṅgha; sixth, every half-month, a nun must seek an instructor from among the monks; seventh, she must not observe the rains retreat in a place where there are no bhikṣus; eighth, when the rains retreat is finished, she must approach the saṅgha of monks to request pavāraṇā. These eight dharmas must be revered, respected, and praised, and never transgressed throughout one's life. Now I present a verse: / 'Pay homage, do not scold or slander, do not bring up faults; / Receive precepts from the monks, undergo mānatva; / Seek instruction every half-month in the saṅgha; / Spend the retreat near monks, request pavāraṇā.'