翻譯名義集 1.267

1.267

【維那】《南山》云：「《聲論》翻為次第，謂知僧事之次第。」《寄歸傳》云：「華梵兼舉也。維是綱維，華言也。那是梵語，刪去羯磨陀三字也。」《僧史略》云：「梵語羯磨陀那，譯為事知，亦云悅眾。謂知其事，悅其眾也。稽其佛世，飲光統眾於靈鷲，身子涖事於竹林。」《音義指歸》云：「僧如網，假有德之人為綱繩也。隋智琳，潤州刺史李海游，命琳為斷事綱維，爾後寺立三綱：上座、維那、典座也。」

[Karmadāna] Nanshan says: "The Treatises on Grammar translate it as 'order', meaning one who knows the proper order of monastic affairs." The Jigui zhuan says: "Both Chinese and Sanskrit are cited together. Wei means the guiding rope, which is Chinese. Na is Sanskrit, abbreviating the three characters jie-mo-tuo (karmada-)." The Sengshi lüe says: "In Sanskrit karmadāna, translated as 'overseer of affairs', and also called 'rejoicer of the assembly'. It means knowing the affairs and rejoicing the assembly. Investigating the time of the Buddha, Kāśyapa governed the assembly at Gṛdhrakūṭa, and Śāriputra administered affairs at the Bamboo Grove." The Yinyi zhigui says: "The sangha is like a net; it relies on a person of virtue to serve as the head-rope. Under the Sui, when Li Haiyou was governor of Runzhou, he appointed Zhilin to be the arbiter of affairs and head-rope. After that, temples established the Three Directors: the Elder (sthavira), the Karmadāna, and the Tenzo (steward)."