翻譯名義集 1.30

1.30

【佛陀】《大論》云：「秦言知者，知過去、未來、現在，眾生、非眾生數，有常、無常等，一切諸法，菩提樹下，了了覺知，故名佛陀。」《後漢．郊祀志》云：「漢言覺也。」覺具三義：一者自覺，悟性真常，了惑虛妄；二者覺他，運無緣慈，度有情界；三者覺行圓滿，窮原極底，行滿果圓。故《華嚴》云：「一切諸法性，無生亦無滅，奇哉大導師，自覺能覺他。」肇師云：「生死長寢，莫能自覺；自覺覺彼者，其唯佛也。」《妙樂記》云：「此云知者覺者，對迷名知，對愚說覺。」《佛地論》云：「具一切智、一切種智，離煩惱障及所知障。於一切法，一切種相，能自開覺，亦能開覺一切有情。如睡夢覺，如蓮華開，故名為佛。」

*Buddha*: The Mahāprajñāpāramitopadeśa says: 'The Qin called it Knower (知者). Knowing all dharmas of past, future, and present, whether included among sentient or non-sentient beings, permanent or impermanent, etc., beneath the Bodhi tree, clearly and fully perceiving and awakening to them, he is therefore named Buddha.' The Hou Han shu's Treatise on Suburban Sacrifices says: 'In the Han language it means Awakened One.' Awakening possesses three meanings: first, self-awakening, realizing the true and permanent nature and comprehending delusions as empty and false; second, awakening others, exercising causeless compassion to deliver the realm of sentient beings; third, the perfection of awakening and practice, plumbing the source to its depths, with practice fulfilled and the fruit perfected. Hence the Avataṃsaka Sūtra says: 'The nature of all dharmas is unborn and unceasing; how marvelous is the Great Guide, who, awakened himself, can awaken others!' Master Sengzhao said: 'In the long slumber of birth and death, none can awaken themselves; the one who awakens himself and awakens others is none other than the Buddha.' The Miaole ji says: 'Translated here as Knower and Awakened One: relative to delusion he is called Knower; relative to foolishness he is called Awakened.' The Buddhabhūmi-śāstra says: 'Endowed with sarvajñā (all-knowledge) and sarvākārajñatā (knowledge of all aspects), free from the affliction obstacle and the cognitive obstacle. Regarding all dharmas and all aspects, he can awaken himself and also awaken all sentient beings. Like awakening from a dream, like a lotus blossoming, he is therefore named Buddha.'