翻譯名義集 1.32

1.32

【婆伽婆】應法師云：「薄伽梵，總眾德至尚之名也。」《大論》云：「一名有德；二名巧分別諸法；三名有名聲，無有得名聲如佛者；四能破婬怒癡。」新云薄伽梵，名具六義。《佛地論》曰：「薄伽梵聲，依六義轉。一自在，二熾盛，三端嚴，四名稱，五吉祥，六尊貴。頌曰：自在熾盛與端嚴，名稱吉祥及尊貴，如是六德義圓滿，是故彰名薄伽梵。其義云何？謂如來永不繫屬諸煩惱故，具自在義。猛焰智火所燒煉故，具熾盛義。妙三十二大士相等所莊飾故，具端嚴義。一切殊勝功德圓滿，無不知故，具名稱義。一切世間親近供養，咸稱讚故，具吉祥義。具一切德，常起方便，利益安樂一切有情，無懈廢故，具尊貴義。」唐．奘法師明五種不翻：一、祕密故不翻，陀羅尼是；二、多含故不翻，如薄伽梵含六義故；三、此無故不翻，如閻浮樹；四、順古故不翻，如阿耨菩提，實可翻之，但摩騰已來，存梵音故；五、生善故不翻，如般若尊重，智慧輕淺，令人生敬，是故不翻。

*Bhagavat* (婆伽婆): Master Huilin says: 'Bhagavat is the supreme name encompassing all virtues.' The Mahāprajñāpāramitopadeśa says: 'First, it means having virtue; second, it means skillfully distinguishing all dharmas; third, it means having great fame, such that none has attained fame like the Buddha; fourth, it means being able to destroy lust, anger, and delusion.' The newer rendering says Bhagavat (薄伽梵), a name possessing six meanings. The Buddhabhūmi-śāstra says: 'The term Bhagavat operates according to six meanings: 1. sovereignty, 2. blazing brilliance, 3. majesty, 4. fame, 5. auspiciousness, and 6. honor. The verse says: "Sovereignty, blazing brilliance, and majesty, / Fame, auspiciousness, and honor; / Such six virtues having their meanings perfected, / Hence the name Bhagavat is proclaimed." What does this mean? Because the Tathāgata is never bound to any afflictions, he possesses the meaning of sovereignty. Because he is refined and tempered by the blazing fire of wisdom, he possesses the meaning of blazing brilliance. Because he is adorned with the wondrous thirty-two marks of a great being and the like, he possesses the meaning of majesty. Because he is perfected in all superior virtues and there is nothing he does not know, he possesses the meaning of fame. Because all worldly beings draw near, make offerings, and universally praise him, he possesses the meaning of auspiciousness. Because he possesses all virtues and constantly initiates skillful means to benefit and bring peace to all sentient beings without remiss or neglect, he possesses the meaning of honor.' Master Xuanzang of the Tang dynasty explained the five kinds of untranslated terms: 1. untranslated because of secrecy, such as dhāraṇīs; 2. untranslated because of manifold meanings, such as Bhagavat containing six meanings; 3. untranslated because the thing is absent here, such as the jambu tree; 4. untranslated to accord with antiquity, such as anuttara-bodhi, which could actually be translated, but since Kāśyapa Mātanga's time the Sanskrit sound has been retained; 5. untranslated to give rise to wholesome reverence, such as prajñā being profound and reverent, whereas "wisdom" is light and shallow; to make people give rise to respect, it is therefore not translated.