翻譯名義集 2.16

2.16

【大梵】《經音義》梵迦夷，此言淨身。初禪梵天。《淨名疏》云：「梵是西音，此云離欲，或云淨行。」《法華疏》云：「除下地繫，上升色界，故名離欲，亦稱高淨。」《淨名疏》云：「梵王是娑婆世界主，住初禪中間。即中間禪也，在初禪二禪兩楹之中。」《毘曇》云：「二禪已上，無言語法故，不立王法。」《瓔珞》禪禪皆有梵王，今謂但加修無量心，報勝為王，無統御也。初禪有覺觀言語，則有主領，故作世主。《次第禪門》云：「佛於《仁王經》說十八梵，亦應有民主之異。」又云：「四禪中有大靜王，而佛於三藏中，但說初禪有大梵天王者，以初禪內有覺觀心，則有語言法，主領下地眾生為便。」證真云：「劫初成時，梵王先生，獨住一劫，未有梵侶。後起念云：『願諸有情，來生此處。』作是念已，梵子即生。外道不測，便執梵王是常，梵子無常。」

【Mahābrahman】 The *Jīngyīnyì* says: "Brahma-kāyika, here rendered as 'Pure Body' (Jingshen). It is the Brahma heaven of the first dhyāna." The *Jìngmíng shū* says: "Brahma is a Western sound; here it means 'separation from desire' (liyu), or 'pure practice' (jingxing)." The *Fǎhuá shū* says: "Because they eliminate the bonds of the lower realms and ascend to the form realm, it is called 'separation from desire', and also called 'lofty purity'." The *Jìngmíng shū* says: "The Brahma King is the lord of the Sahā world, residing in the intermediate stage of the first dhyāna. This is the intermediate dhyāna, situated between the two pillars of the first and second dhyānas." The *Abhidharma* says: "From the second dhyāna upward, because there is no Dharma of speech, no royal governance is established." The *Yīngluò* states that every dhyāna has a Brahma King; but now it is said that they merely add the cultivation of the immeasurable minds, and by surpassing retribution become kings, without having governance. The first dhyāna has investigation and reflection (vitarka and vicāra) and speech, and therefore has a presiding ruler, thus acting as the lord of the world. The *Cìdì chánmén* says: "The Buddha spoke of eighteen Brahma [heavens] in the *Renwang Jing*, which must also have distinctions of ruler and subjects." It also says: "In the fourth dhyāna there is the Great Silent King; yet the Buddha in the Tripiṭaka only speaks of a Great Brahma King in the first dhyāna, because within the first dhyāna there are minds of investigation and reflection, and thus the Dharma of speech, making it convenient to govern the sentient beings of the lower realms." Zhengzhen says: "When the kalpa first formed, the Brahma King was born first, dwelling alone for a kalpa without any Brahma companions. Later he generated the thought: 'May sentient beings come and be born in this place.' Having formed this thought, the Brahma sons were immediately born. Non-Buddhists, failing to comprehend this, clung to the view that the Brahma King is permanent and the Brahma sons are impermanent."