翻譯名義集 2.16

2.16

【Mahābrahman】 The *Jīngyīnyì* says: "Brahma-kāyika, here rendered as 'Pure Body' (Jingshen). It is the Brahma heaven of the first dhyāna." The *Jìngmíng shū* says: "Brahma is a Western sound; here it means 'separation from desire' (liyu), or 'pure practice' (jingxing)." The *Fǎhuá shū* says: "Because they eliminate the bonds of the lower realms and ascend to the form realm, it is called 'separation from desire', and also called 'lofty purity'." The *Jìngmíng shū* says: "The Brahma King is the lord of the Sahā world, residing in the intermediate stage of the first dhyāna. This is the intermediate dhyāna, situated between the two pillars of the first and second dhyānas." The *Abhidharma* says: "From the second dhyāna upward, because there is no Dharma of speech, no royal governance is established." The *Yīngluò* states that every dhyāna has a Brahma King; but now it is said that they merely add the cultivation of the immeasurable minds, and by surpassing retribution become kings, without having governance. The first dhyāna has investigation and reflection (vitarka and vicāra) and speech, and therefore has a presiding ruler, thus acting as the lord of the world. The *Cìdì chánmén* says: "The Buddha spoke of eighteen Brahma [heavens] in the *Renwang Jing*, which must also have distinctions of ruler and subjects." It also says: "In the fourth dhyāna there is the Great Silent King; yet the Buddha in the Tripiṭaka only speaks of a Great Brahma King in the first dhyāna, because within the first dhyāna there are minds of investigation and reflection, and thus the Dharma of speech, making it convenient to govern the sentient beings of the lower realms." Zhengzhen says: "When the kalpa first formed, the Brahma King was born first, dwelling alone for a kalpa without any Brahma companions. Later he generated the thought: 'May sentient beings come and be born in this place.' Having formed this thought, the Brahma sons were immediately born. Non-Buddhists, failing to comprehend this, clung to the view that the Brahma King is permanent and the Brahma sons are impermanent."