翻譯名義集 2.58

2.58

【波旬】訛也，正言波卑夜，此云惡。釋迦出世，魔王名也。什曰：「秦言殺者，常欲斷人慧命故，亦名惡中惡。惡有三種：一曰惡，若以惡加己，還以惡報，是名為惡。二曰大惡，若人不侵己，無故加害，是名大惡。三曰惡中惡，若人來供養恭敬，不念報恩，而反害之，是名惡中惡。魔王最甚也。諸佛常欲令眾生安隱，而反壞亂，故言甚也。」肇曰：「秦言或名殺者，或云極惡。斷人善因，名殺者。違佛亂僧，罪莫之大，故名極惡也。」《涅槃疏》云：「依於佛法而得善利，不念報恩，反欲加毀，故云極惡。亦名波旬踰，此云惡也，常有惡意，成惡法故。」

[Pāpīyas] A corruption; correctly said as papiye, translated here as "evil." It was the name of the demon king when Śākyamuni appeared in the world. Kumārajīva said: "In the language of Qin, it means 'killer,' because he constantly wishes to sever people's life of wisdom; he is also called 'evil among evils.' There are three kinds of evil: first, evil—if evil is inflicted upon oneself, returning it with evil is called evil; second, great evil—if someone does not encroach upon oneself, yet one harms them without cause, this is called great evil; third, evil among evils—if someone comes to make offerings and show respect, not thinking of repaying their kindness, but harming them instead, this is called evil among evils. The demon king is the most extreme in this. All Buddhas constantly wish to bring peace and security to sentient beings, yet he disrupts and confuses them instead; hence he is said to be extreme." Sengzhao said: "In the language of Qin, he is either named 'killer' or called 'utmost evil.' Severing people's wholesome causes is called being a 'killer.' Opposing the Buddha and disrupting the Saṅgha, than which no transgression is greater, is why he is called 'utmost evil.'" The Commentary on the Nirvāṇa Sūtra states: "Relying on the Buddha's Dharma to obtain wholesome benefits, yet not thinking of repaying kindness and instead wishing to inflict slander and harm, is why he is called 'utmost evil.' He is also called boyuxu, translated here as 'evil,' because he constantly holds evil intentions and accomplishes evil deeds."