翻譯名義集 2.58

2.58

[Pāpīyas] A corruption; correctly said as papiye, translated here as "evil." It was the name of the demon king when Śākyamuni appeared in the world. Kumārajīva said: "In the language of Qin, it means 'killer,' because he constantly wishes to sever people's life of wisdom; he is also called 'evil among evils.' There are three kinds of evil: first, evil—if evil is inflicted upon oneself, returning it with evil is called evil; second, great evil—if someone does not encroach upon oneself, yet one harms them without cause, this is called great evil; third, evil among evils—if someone comes to make offerings and show respect, not thinking of repaying their kindness, but harming them instead, this is called evil among evils. The demon king is the most extreme in this. All Buddhas constantly wish to bring peace and security to sentient beings, yet he disrupts and confuses them instead; hence he is said to be extreme." Sengzhao said: "In the language of Qin, he is either named 'killer' or called 'utmost evil.' Severing people's wholesome causes is called being a 'killer.' Opposing the Buddha and disrupting the Saṅgha, than which no transgression is greater, is why he is called 'utmost evil.'" The Commentary on the Nirvāṇa Sūtra states: "Relying on the Buddha's Dharma to obtain wholesome benefits, yet not thinking of repaying kindness and instead wishing to inflict slander and harm, is why he is called 'utmost evil.' He is also called boyuxu, translated here as 'evil,' because he constantly holds evil intentions and accomplishes evil deeds."