翻譯名義集 4.87

4.87

【僧那】此云弘誓。《肇論》云：「發僧那於始心，終大悲以赴難。」此名字發心也。《仁王》云：「十善菩薩發大心，長別三界苦輪海。」此相似發心也。《華嚴》云：「初發心時，便成正覺。」此分證發心也。言弘誓者，天台云：「廣普之緣謂之弘，自制其心謂之誓，志求滿足乃稱願。大士曠懷，運心廣普。依無作四諦之境，起四種弘誓之心。初依《瓔珞》，未度苦諦，令度苦諦。六道受分段之苦，三乘沈變易之苦，當了陰入皆如，無苦可捨。口發言曰：『眾生無邊誓願度。』次依《瓔珞》，未解集諦，令解集諦。四住煩惱，潤有漏業；無明煩惱，潤無漏業。當了塵勞本淨，無集可除。口發言曰：『煩惱無數誓願斷。』三依《瓔珞》，未安道諦，令安道諦。智慧越苦海之迅航，戒定通祕藏之要道。當了邊邪是中，無道可修。口發誓云：『法門無盡誓願學。』四依《瓔珞》，未得滅諦，令得滅諦。佛陀是無上之世尊，涅槃乃最勝之妙法。當了生死即是涅槃。口發誓云：『佛道無上誓願成。』仰觀大覺，積劫度生，都無懈倦者，為滿本地之願也。」

[Saṃnāha] Translated here as universal vow. The Zhao lun says: "One gives rise to saṃnāha at the initial mind, and culminates in great compassion to face adversity." This is generating the mind at the stage of verbal identity. The Benevolent King Sūtra says: "A bodhisattva of the ten virtues generates the great mind and forever departs from the sea of the suffering wheel of the three realms." This is generating the mind at the stage of resemblance identity. The Avataṃsaka Sūtra says: "When first generating the mind, one immediately achieves correct enlightenment." This is generating the mind at the stage of partial realization. As for universal vows, Tiantai says: "Broad and pervasive conditions are called universal (弘); restraining one's own mind is called a vow (誓); aiming and seeking fulfillment is then called an aspiration (願). The Great Being's vast intention directs the mind broadly and pervasively. Relying on the objective realm of the unconditioned Four Truths, one gives rise to the four kinds of universal vow minds. First, relying on the Yingluo jing: regarding the truth of suffering not yet crossed over, causing it to be crossed over. The six destinies undergo the suffering of delimited rebirth, and the three vehicles are submerged in the suffering of transformation rebirth; one should realize that the skandhas and āyatanas are all Suchness, and there is no suffering to be abandoned. The mouth utters the words: 'Sentient beings are boundless, I vow to deliver them.' Second, relying on the Yingluo jing: regarding the truth of accumulation not yet understood, causing it to be understood. The afflictions of the four dwellings moisten defiled karma; the affliction of ignorance moistens undefiled karma. One should realize that worldly defilements are originally pure, and there is no accumulation to be eliminated. The mouth utters the words: 'Afflictions are innumerable, I vow to sever them.' Third, relying on the Yingluo jing: regarding the truth of the path not yet established, causing it to be established. Wisdom is the swift boat crossing the sea of suffering; discipline and concentration are the essential road leading to the secret treasury. One should realize that the extremes and deviations are the middle, and there is no path to be cultivated. The mouth utters the vow: 'Dharma-gates are measureless, I vow to learn them.' Fourth, relying on the Yingluo jing: regarding the truth of cessation not yet attained, causing it to be attained. The Buddha is the unsurpassed World-Honoured One; nirvāṇa is the most supreme, wondrous dharma. One should realize that samsara is itself nirvāṇa. The mouth utters the vow: 'The Buddha Path is unsurpassed, I vow to attain it.' Gazing up at the Great Awakened One, who accumulates kalpas delivering sentient beings without any weariness, this is to fulfill the vows of his original ground."