翻譯名義集 4.87

4.87

[Saṃnāha] Translated here as universal vow. The Zhao lun says: "One gives rise to saṃnāha at the initial mind, and culminates in great compassion to face adversity." This is generating the mind at the stage of verbal identity. The Benevolent King Sūtra says: "A bodhisattva of the ten virtues generates the great mind and forever departs from the sea of the suffering wheel of the three realms." This is generating the mind at the stage of resemblance identity. The Avataṃsaka Sūtra says: "When first generating the mind, one immediately achieves correct enlightenment." This is generating the mind at the stage of partial realization. As for universal vows, Tiantai says: "Broad and pervasive conditions are called universal (弘); restraining one's own mind is called a vow (誓); aiming and seeking fulfillment is then called an aspiration (願). The Great Being's vast intention directs the mind broadly and pervasively. Relying on the objective realm of the unconditioned Four Truths, one gives rise to the four kinds of universal vow minds. First, relying on the Yingluo jing: regarding the truth of suffering not yet crossed over, causing it to be crossed over. The six destinies undergo the suffering of delimited rebirth, and the three vehicles are submerged in the suffering of transformation rebirth; one should realize that the skandhas and āyatanas are all Suchness, and there is no suffering to be abandoned. The mouth utters the words: 'Sentient beings are boundless, I vow to deliver them.' Second, relying on the Yingluo jing: regarding the truth of accumulation not yet understood, causing it to be understood. The afflictions of the four dwellings moisten defiled karma; the affliction of ignorance moistens undefiled karma. One should realize that worldly defilements are originally pure, and there is no accumulation to be eliminated. The mouth utters the words: 'Afflictions are innumerable, I vow to sever them.' Third, relying on the Yingluo jing: regarding the truth of the path not yet established, causing it to be established. Wisdom is the swift boat crossing the sea of suffering; discipline and concentration are the essential road leading to the secret treasury. One should realize that the extremes and deviations are the middle, and there is no path to be cultivated. The mouth utters the vow: 'Dharma-gates are measureless, I vow to learn them.' Fourth, relying on the Yingluo jing: regarding the truth of cessation not yet attained, causing it to be attained. The Buddha is the unsurpassed World-Honoured One; nirvāṇa is the most supreme, wondrous dharma. One should realize that samsara is itself nirvāṇa. The mouth utters the vow: 'The Buddha Path is unsurpassed, I vow to attain it.' Gazing up at the Great Awakened One, who accumulates kalpas delivering sentient beings without any weariness, this is to fulfill the vows of his original ground."