翻譯名義集 2.218

2.218

[Kapiñjala] This is translated as partridge. The Erya says: 'The partridge is exceedingly powerful and vigorous, and fights most fiercely. Its kind is divided into six species, with different names in the four directions.' The armory of the Jin dynasty was very tightly shut, yet from inside the calling of a partridge was suddenly heard; Zhang Hua said: 'It must be transformed from a snake.' Opening it to inspect, beside it there was indeed a sloughed snakeskin. The Da zhidu lun says: 'At one time the people of Jambudvīpa did not know how to venerate their elders and the virtuous. At that time, the Bodhisattva became a kapiñjala bird and had two close friends, an elephant and a monkey, living together beneath a pippala tree. They asked among themselves: "We do not know which of us should be considered the elder?" The elephant said: "In the past I saw this tree when it was beneath my belly." The monkey said: "I once squatted on the ground and grasped the treetop with my hand." The bird said: "I ate the fruit of this tree in a pippala grove, and its seed came out with my dung, from which this tree was able to grow. He who was born first has elder virtue, and by propriety should be revered." Instantly the great elephant carried the monkey on its back, the bird sat upon the monkey, and they roamed all around. Beasts and humans, seeing them, all practiced reverence. Thus the sages knew that virtue, benevolence, and righteousness cannot be accomplished without propriety. Therefore, reverently serving the elder is the supreme compliance of all under heaven.'