翻譯名義集 2.248

2.248

[Bhadrakalpa] Kalpa: the Da zhidu lun states: "In the language of Qin this means distinguishing periods of time. Bhadra in the language of Qin means good. Countless tens of millions of kalpas passed in the past that were empty, without any Buddha. In this single kalpa, one thousand Buddhas will arise. The devas of the Śuddhāvāsa heaven rejoiced, and so it was named the Good Kalpa. Within this single kalpa, there are four medium kalpas: formation, continuation, destruction, and emptiness." The meaning is as set forth in my Chart of Kalpas, drawn from the Da zhidu lun. Question: "In how much time can a bodhisattva plant [the causes for] the thirty-two marks?" Answer: "At the slowest, one hundred kalpas; at the fastest, ninety-one kalpas. This refers to great kalpas. However, in planting the primary marks and secondary characteristics, four points must be explained: First, the place where the marks are planted. According to the Da zhidu lun: 'It is in the desire realm, not the form or formless realms; among the five destinies of the desire realm, it is in the human destiny; among the four continents, it is in Jambudvīpa; it is in a male body, not planted in a female body. They are planted when a Buddha appears in the world; they are not planted after a Buddha's parinirvāṇa. They are planted with the Buddha's body as the object; they cannot be planted with any other object.' Second, the karma of planting the marks. According to the Da zhidu lun: 'They are planted using mental karma, not bodily or verbal karma. Why? Because mental karma is sharp.'" Question: "Mental karma involves the six consciousnesses; which consciousness is it?" Answer: "It is the mental consciousness (manovijñāna), not the five consciousnesses, because the five consciousnesses cannot discriminate." "Third, the initial planting of the marks. Some say the mark of well-placed feet is planted first; some say the mark of dark blue eyes is planted first. The Da zhidu lun says: 'Although there are these sayings, it is not necessarily so. Whenever the causes and conditions for a mark assemble, that is called the initial planting.' Fourth, the merit of planting the marks. If all people have destroyed right view, and a single person is able to instruct them so that they attain pure precepts and right view, deeds such as this constitute one merit. Only when one has completed one hundred merits is a single mark accomplished."