翻譯名義集 7.35

7.35

[Pātra] This is translated as "receptacle that accords [with the Dharma]" [alms bowl]. The Fazhen states: "It is a receptacle that accords with the Dharma; that is to say, its substance, color, and measure must all accord with the Dharma. As for substance, generally speaking there are two: clay and iron. As for color, it is smoked to a dark red color, or the color of a peacock's throat, or pigeon color. As for measure, the large holds three pecks (dou), the small holds a peck and a half, and the medium can be known accordingly. It is also translated as 'thin,' meaning that one works thick material to make it thin, thereby fashioning this receptacle." Nanshan says: "This is the peck of the Zhou dynasty. Measured by the Tang peck, the top-tier bowl holds one peck, and the lower-tier bowl holds five pints (sheng)." The Mahīśāsaka Vinaya states: "The Buddha personally fashioned a bowl mold to serve as a model for later generations." When receiving it, according to the Daśabhāṇavāra Vinaya: "'Venerable One, with focused mind take heed: I, the bhikṣu so-and-so, receive this pātra of standard measure for regular use' (recited three times). If abandoning it, follow the rule for robes." The Vinaya states: "A bhikṣu held a wooden bowl. The Buddha said: 'One must not hold such a bowl; this is the practice of non-Buddhists.'"