淨名經集解關中疏 2.333

2.333

譬如象馬𢤱悷不調加諸楚毒乃至徹骨然後調伏。如是剛強難化眾生故。以一切苦切之言乃可入律　此二喻也。調馬有四。菩薩見鞭。二乘觸皮。人天觸肉。說三惡調乃為徹骨也。合文可見。肇曰。非鉤埵無以調象馬。非苦言無以伏難化。

"Just as unmanageable and recalcitrant elephants and horses must be subjected to painful beatings, even piercing to the bone, before they are subdued, so too with these unyielding and hard-to-transform sentient beings: only by using all kinds of bitter, piercing words can they be brought to enter the discipline." (Second, the simile. There are four types of horses to be tamed: bodhisattvas need only see the whip, the two vehicles feel it touch the skin, humans and devas feel it touch the flesh, and preaching the three evil realms to tame beings is piercing to the bone. The application in the text is clear. Sengzhao says: "Without a hook and whip, there is no way to tame elephants and horses; without bitter words, there is no way to subdue the hard-to-transform.")